指定幸存者
外观
(重定向自Designated survivor)
指定幸存者(英語:Designated survivor)是指美国总统、副总统和国家其他高级领导人聚集在同一处时会故意安排一名内阁阁员缺席,此举是为了确保倘若总统、副总统、国会领袖及内阁阁员全体丧生之后至少还有一名部长级官员能依照《总统继任法案》及时继任美国总统以维持政府运作。
简介
[编辑]“指定幸存者”是美国在冷战期间因为担心总统等首长级高层遭遇核战而设置,通常是指定一名内阁阁员担当,而且只有符合接任总统资格(出生时即获得美国公民身份,35岁以上,并在美国至少生活14年的人)才能成为“指定幸存者”,例如曾任国务卿的马德琳·奥尔布赖特因其原籍是捷克斯洛伐克,后归化为美国国籍,由此不在美国总统继任顺序之内而无法成为指定幸存者。
一般情况下,“指定幸存者”是从美国总统继任顺序上的名单中选出,由于作为“后备总统”,外出时可享受总统级别的安全保护并乘坐专用交通工具,身边还跟随一名武官携带着俗称「核足球」的核手提箱以备不测之需[1]。此外,国会议员也有可能被选为其政党在国会的“指定幸存者”。
由于其特殊性质,“指定幸存者”所在的地点必须是严格保密的。因此在2010年巴拉克·奥巴马总统发表国情咨文期间,尽管国务卿希拉里·克林顿有国际行程而并未出席,奥巴马仍然指定了住房及城市发展部长肖恩·多诺万成为指定幸存者,因为当时公众都知道希拉里正在英国伦敦参加一场会议[2];但若是当时参加总统国情咨文演讲活动的高级领导人皆已丧生而希拉里仍然倖存,那么将是希拉里继任美国总统,因为希拉里的继任顺序高于肖恩。
指定幸存者列表
[编辑]參見
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ “指定幸存者”:美国的“总统备份”. [2014-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-11).
- ^ Kamen, Al. "Hillary Clinton will be in London for State of the Union (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". Washington Post. Accessed 3 February 2010.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 为新任总统发表演讲,并非正式的国情咨文。
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Hershey, Jr., Robert D. State of Union: Bewitched by Pageant. New York Times. 1988-01-27 [2013-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-09).
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 Cabinet Members Who Did Not Attend the State of the Union Address. U.S. Senate. [2022-02-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-13).
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 Cabinet Members Not in Attendance ("Designated Survivor," from 1984), and Frequency By Department. The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara. [2022-02-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-18).
- ^ 1984: UPI, "Washington Dateline." Jan 25, 1984
- ^ Gainesville Sun Gainesville Sun - Jan 21, 1985
- ^ 1985: UPI, "Washington News." Feb 6, 1985
- ^ 1986: UPI, "Washington News." Feb 4, 1986
- ^ 1987: UPI, "Washington News." Jan 28, 1987
- ^ 1990: Washington Post, Page C3. Jan 31, 1991
- ^ 1991: Washington Post, Page C3. Jan 31, 1991
- ^ 1996: USA Today, Page A12. Feb 5, 1997
- ^ 1997: Washington Post, "Agriculture's Glickman Draws Doomsday Duty for Address." Page A13. Feb 4, 1997
- ^ 1999: New York Times, "Not Being Invited Was the Honor." Page B2. Jan 21, 1999
- ^ 2000: Washington Post, "The Reliable Source." Page C3. Jan 28, 2000
- ^ 2001: New York Times, "Cabinet's 'Designated Absentee' Stays Away." Page A23. Jan 30, 2002
- ^ 2002: New York Times, "Cabinet's 'Designated Absentee' Stays Away." Page A23. Jan 30, 2002
- ^ 2003: New York Times, "Ashcroft in Secret Spot During Bush Address." Jan 29, 2003
- ^ 2004: AP, "Four to Miss Speech Due to Security." Jan 20, 2004
- ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 For the 2005, 2006, and 2007 State of the Union addresses, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate would have been the highest-ranking survivor.
- ^ 2005: New York Times, "Five Officials Skip State of the Union Address." Feb 2, 2005
- ^ 2006: Philadelphia Inquirer, "A Message of Energy, Strength." Feb 1, 2006.
- ^ 2008: AP, "Interior Secretary Skips Speech," Jan 28, 2008
- ^ 2009: AFP American Edition, "Gates to Sit out Obama Inauguration," January 19, 2009
- ^ Gates To Be Designated Successor On Inauguration Day (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), CBS News, January 19, 2009.
- ^ Holder Staying Away From Obama's Speech (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Washington Post, February 24, 2009.
- ^ Energy secretary skips Obama health care address. [2014-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2009-09-27).
- ^ O'Keefe, Ed. State of the Union: Ken Salazar to serve as 'designated survivor'. The Washington Post. 2011-01-25 [2011-01-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-26).
- ^ Associated Press. State of the Union: Tom Vilsack to serve as Cabinet's ‘designated survivor. Washington Post. 2012-01-24 [2012-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-30).
- ^ Shinseki absent from inaugural. Miami Herald. 2013-01-22 [2013-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-03).
- ^ Rachel Weiner. Steven Chu is the State of the Union 'designated survivor'. Washington Post. 2013-02-12 [2014-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-13).
- ^ Energy Secretary to be Designated Survivor during State of the Union. FOX News. 2014-01-28 [2014-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).
- ^ Miller, Zeke J. This Man Will Be Your President If The Worst Happens Happens. Time. 2014-01-28 [2014-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-30).
- ^ Kime, Patricia. Who Was the Designated Survivor for the Inauguration? Outgoing Administration Doesn't Say. Military.com. 2021-01-20 [2021-02-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-16).
- ^ Leonard, Ben. No designated survivor for Biden's first joint address to Congress. POLITICO. [2021-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-13) (英语).
- ^ Lee, M. J. White House chief of staff tells House Democrats he's hoping State of the Union address will boost Biden's poll numbers. CNN. February 24, 2022 [February 24, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-19) (英语).
- ^ State of the Union 2023: Labor Secretary Marty Walsh named designated survivor. Washington Examiner. 2023-02-07 [2023-02-07]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-14) (英语).
- ^ Education Secretary Miguel Cardona is the designated survivor for the State of the Union. March 8, 2024.
- ^ Who Is the ‘Designated Survivor’ for Donald Trump’s Second Inauguration?. WNBC. January 20, 2025 [January 21, 2025].
- ^ Mitchell, Tia. Georgia’s Doug Collins is designated survivor at Trump’s congressional address. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. [March 5, 2025].
- ^ Haslett, Cheyenne. Veterans Affairs Secretary Doug Collins appears to be the designated survivor. Politico. February 24, 2026 [February 25, 2026].