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英国人

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
英国人
總人口
分佈地區
美国
  • 109,531,643[B][3][4]
  • 678,000[C][5]
澳大利亚
  • 19,301,379[B][6][7]
  • 1,300,000[D][8]
加拿大
新西兰
南非
  • 1,603,575[B][13]
  • 212,000[D][8]
法国400,000[D][14]
西班牙297,229[D][15][16]
爱尔兰岛291,000[D][8]
阿根廷270,000[B][17][18][19]
阿拉伯联合酋长国240,000[C][20]
德国115,000[C][21]
語言
英语
宗教信仰
註釋
  1. ^ 为英国公民,归属种族、族群不尽相同。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 指在该国出生,自认具有英国血统的人士,程度不一。
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 出生在英国,仅认同英国血统的人士。
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 英国公民或国民。

英國人(英語:British people, Brits)是指持有英國國籍的人或英國公民不列顛人Britons)最初是指原居於不列顛群島凱爾特人,後為盎格魯撒克遜人所使用而轉為大不列颠岛上的盎格魯撒克遜人及其後代。

雖然英國人的早期主張可以追溯到中世紀晚期,但1603年的王室聯盟和1707年大不列顛王國的建立引發了英國的民族認同感。 18世紀和19世紀初,英國法國發生了幾次全球衝突,形成了英國性和共同的英國身份認同,並在維多利亞時代進一步發展。 英國形成的複雜歷史在大不列顛愛爾蘭創造了一種“特殊的民族意識和歸屬感”; 英國性變得“疊加在更古老的身份之上”,即英格蘭蘇格蘭威爾士愛爾蘭文化,其獨特性仍然抵制同質化英國身份的概念。 由於長期存在的種族教派分歧,英國人在北愛爾蘭的身份認同存在爭議,但聯合主義者對此深信不疑。

現代英國人的後裔主要來自11世紀及之前在英國定居的各種族群:史前不列顛人羅馬人盎格魯-撒克遜人北歐人諾曼人。 不列顛群島的進步政治統一促進了中世紀晚期、現代早期及以後英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士人民之間的移民、文化和語言交流以及通婚。 自1922年及更早以來,來自現在的愛爾蘭共和國英聯邦歐洲大陸和其他地方的人們一直移民到英國; 他們和他們的後代大多是英國公民,其中一些人具有英國雙重身份,其中包括英國黑人亞裔英國人,他們合計約佔英國人口的10%。

英國是一個多元化、多民族、多文化和多語言的國家,具有“強烈的地方口音、表達方式和身份認同”。自19世紀以來,英國的社會結構發生了翻天覆地的變化,宗教信仰的衰落、中產階級的擴大和種族多樣性的增加,特別是自1950年代以來,大英帝國的公民被鼓勵移民到英國,作為二戰後恢復工作的一部分。

英國人口約6600萬,約1.4億英國僑民集中在美國澳大利亞加拿大新西蘭,少數集中在愛爾蘭共和國智利南非加勒比地區

参考文献

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  2. ^ Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-04-07.. Retrieved 04_11_2014
  3. ^ 2020 United States census results for Americans identifying with full or partial 'English', 'Scottish', 'Welsh', 'Manx', 'Channel Islander', 'Scotch Irish', 'Irish' and 'American' ancestry. Demographers have noted that a large portion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to simply identify as 'American' since 1980.Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 (PDF). Dominic Pulera. Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America. A&C Black. 2004: 57–60. ISBN 978-0-8264-1643-8.  A majority of Americans identifying as 'Irish' are of Ulster Scots descent.Carroll, Michael P. How the Irish Became Protestant in America. Religion and American Culture英语Religion and American Culture (University of California Press). Winter 2006, 16 (1): 25–54. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25. S2CID 145240474. doi:10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25. 
  4. ^ Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census. United States census. 2023-09-21 [2024-01-02]. 
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  6. ^ 2021 Australian census英语2021 Australian census results for estimated number of Australians of Anglo-Celtic descent. Includes Australians who identified their ancestry as part of the 'North-Western European' ancestry group or as 'Australian'. At least 88% of Australians within the North-Western European ancestry group identified with at least one Anglo-Celtic ancestry.Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021 (XLSX). Australian Bureau of Statistics. [2022-07-28].  The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most people nominating 'Australian' ancestry have at least partial Anglo-Celtic英语Anglo-Celtic Australian European ancestry.Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article). 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 
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  9. ^ 2021 Canadian census results for Canadians identifying with full or partial British Isles, English-speaking 'Canadian', 'American', 'Australian', 'New Zealander', 'Albertan', 'British Columbian', 'Cape Bretoner', 'Manitoban', 'New Brunswicker', 'Nova Scotian', 'Prince Edward Islander', 'Saskatchewanian' and 'United Empire Loyalist' ancestry. According to Statistics Canada, many of those identifying with North American ancestries such as 'Canadian' are of British descent. Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables. statcan.gc.ca. 2017-10-25. 
  10. ^ Canada Census
  11. ^ New Zealanders of European descent, the vast majority of whom are estimated to have some British ancestry.Country Profile: New Zealand. 2008-05-14 [2021-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-14). 
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  13. ^ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012: 26. ISBN 9780621413885. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-05-13).  The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's 2011 Census was 1,603,575. The total white population with a first language specified was 4,461,409 and the total population was 51,770,560.
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  21. ^ The most popular British emigration destinations, local.live.com, 2007-04-13 [2009-05-24], (原始内容存档于2006-07-14)