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Kiwi Farms

維基百科,自由的百科全書
Kiwi Farms
網站類型
網絡論壇
語言英文,部份「Internationale Clique」的討論區有非英文討論
持有者Joshua "Null" Moon
母公司1776 Solutions LLC (前身為Final Solutions LLC)[1]
網址維基數據資料
商業性質
註冊選擇性(參與並查看特定內容需要註冊)
用戶每日登入16,000名(2002年)[2]
推出時間2013年2月4日,​13年前​(2013-02-04

Kiwi Farms,前身為CWCki Forums/ˈkwɪki/ KWIH-kee),是專門討論、騷擾網絡紅人與相關社群的網絡論壇。他們經常透過組織化的群體,對鎖定的目標耍白目網絡騷擾人肉搜索。甚至在現實世界中騷擾他們。[3][4][5]最少有三位自殺受害者,被指與Kiwi Farms用戶的騷擾有關。[6][7][8]

Kiwi Farms涉及多起爭議和騷擾活動,導致多家互聯網服務提供商屏蔽該網站、或拒絕對其提供服務。在基督城清真寺槍擊案發生後,部份新西蘭互聯網服務提供商還封鎖該網站。2021年,非二元性別軟件開發者Near在受該網站用戶針對性的騷擾而自殺後,DreamHost停止提供Kiwi Farms的域名註冊服務。2022年9月,Cloudflare以「迫在眉睫的生命威脅」(an imminent and emergency threat to human life)為由封鎖了Kiwi Farms。在短暫恢復後,The Daily Dot證實VanwaTech正在為Kiwi Farms提供內容分發網絡服務,以求恢復上線。2022年9月,Kiwi Farms數據泄露,範圍包含其用戶的IP位置、電子郵件信箱、密碼等。[9][10]

歷史

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Kiwi Farms是由8chan前管理員Joshua Conner Moon(網名「Null」)於2013 年創立。[2]該論壇最初旨在惡意騷擾並攻擊一位同人作家,其於2007年的嚇人玩意開始受到注意。[3][11][12]:8–9 : 8–9 之後有Encyclopedia Dramatica的用戶建立了該作家的條目。然而有部份網友對Encyclopedia Dramatica條目的準確與完整性表達不滿,並建立了專門的Wiki;該Wiki以該作家真名的三個首字母命名為「CWCki」,詳細記載其個人資訊與作品。[3]Kiwi Farms最初名為「CWCki Forums」,但在2014年更名為「Kiwi Farms」。[13][3]其用戶之後還開始騷擾其他用戶,主要對象包括少數族裔、女性、 LGBTQ、神經多樣性、被Kiwi Farms用戶視為精神病患者性變態者、女權主義者、記者、網絡名人、電子遊戲漫畫愛好者等。[2][3][4]

根據Kiwi Farms的管理員表示,截至2022年 (2022-Missing required parameter 1=month!),每日登入用戶約為16,000名。[2]曾被該網站鎖定的Katelyn Burns將網站形容為「活在網絡中的人英語Extremely online,成員從極右翼恐跨女性主義者,到喜歡隔岸觀火的邊緣左翼,政治意識形態光譜可謂遼闊,」並注意到他們「對跨性別特別有興趣,並使用『troons』稱呼他們:該詞為混合『tranny』與『goon』的貶義詞。」[14]

騷擾

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受Kiwi Farms社群針對的目標,經常飽受組織性的惡意攻擊、跟蹤與騷擾。騷擾範圍甚至會延伸至現實世界。[3][5]社群的主要目標為跨性別[4][15]、身心障礙[16][17]、或是被認定具神經多樣性的人。[16][17][15]其成員會把目標稱為「lolcows」,該詞源自「milked for laughs」(用以取樂)一詞,因而得名。 [18]他們的手段包括人肉搜索 、令目標失業、假報警讓警察突襲其家、還有騷擾他們的家人和朋友等。Kiwi Farms的騷擾活動可持續數月以至數年,甚至是直到目標自殺為止。[4][19]Kiwi Farms的所有者Moon與其用戶,都被形容為反猶太主義者,有用戶甚至會針對性辱罵皈依猶太教的跨性別者。[20][21]

跨性別活動家Twitch主播的加拿大人克拉拉·索倫蒂網名「Keffals」就曾遭Kiwi Farms用戶網絡霸凌:該網站用戶針對她本人、朋友和家人進行人肉搜索,洩漏資訊包括地址、電話等。除此之外,用戶還張貼她的色情照片盜用身份、做出死亡威脅等。[22][23]2022年8月,有該網站用戶冒用Keffals身份向當地政府威脅要實行大規模暴力,警方隨後逮捕了她,並將她拘留超過十小時。警方事後承認該案為假報警,Keffals沒有任何不當行為。Kiwi Farms用戶之後還張貼了與她毫無關係,卻住同一城市的同姓男子地址,結果警方也突襲了該男子住所。在假報警事件後,Keffals表示為了安全起見而住進飯店。[24][25]Kiwi Farms用戶在Keffals張貼她的貓躺在床上的照片後按圖索驥,認出了她所住的飯店,並假借其舊名訂了多份披薩。她在事後的視頻中表示:「披薩本身顯然不是問題。對方是想藉此威脅,表示他們知道自己行蹤且願意行動。」[24][25][26]據報道,有人入侵了Keffals的Uber賬戶。在行蹤曝光後,Keffals逃離了加拿大。[27]這些事件後來以刑事騷擾為方向調查,而Keffals表示她打算採取法律行動。[25][28][29]Keffals還發起一場向Cloudflare施壓的運動,要求別再提供該網站服務。[4][30]

2022年8月24日,美國眾議員瑪喬麗·泰勒·格林在接受Newsmax採訪時表示,她曾被自稱是Kiwi Farms版主「AltisticRight」的人騷擾兩次。格林在表達希望能關閉該網站時表示:「任何企業或任何服務都不應該讓你把敵人當作攻擊目標。這簡直荒謬,這正是民主黨希望在全國範圍內出現的那種無法無天的現象。」Cloudflare後來暫停允許該網站其自定義錯誤信息。[31][32][6]

一位使用筆名「Pxie」的政治主播在美國聯邦訴訟中聲稱,在2024年11月,Kiwi Farms上出現一段她在做性行為的視頻,之後影片被傳播到色情網站上、而她收到了「數以百的侮辱和騷擾」;由於該視頻在網上瘋傳,她「越來越感到羞辱、羞愧和沮喪,甚至開始動念自殺」。[33][34]

服務終止

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Kiwi Farms使用了美國託管和網絡安全服務提供商Cloudflare的服務,包括DDoS保護、通過其內容交付網絡進行分發等。[35]2022年8月,在Keffals的騷擾活動後,開始有網民要求Cloudflare停止服務該網站。[36][37] NBC新聞聲稱這樣做是為了對Kiwi Farms發動「破壞性的虛擬攻擊」。[38]起初Cloudflare為提供Kiwi Farms服務進行辯護,但在2022年9月3日,Cloudflare 正式停止為該網站服務。[6][39]試圖訪問該網站的人會見到一條說明由於「迫在眉睫的生命威脅」,而必須停止服務的的系統錯誤消息。 [40] [41]Cloudflare行政總裁Matthew Prince表示,公司採取行動是因為「Kiwifarms網站上的言論,還有具體及有針對性的威脅,在48小時內不斷升級」。[41][39]其他中間件提供商也紛紛停止對Kiwi Farms提供服務,例如hCaptcha等。[42][43]

雖然由於Cloudflare的決定,該網站曾短暫下線,[44]但之後又於2022年9月4日「斷斷續續」地重新上線,服務由俄羅斯服務提供商DDoS-Guard和一個在2021年7月12日註冊的俄羅斯域名提供。 [45] [46] [47]NBC分析師、前FBI反間諜助理局長Frank Figliuzzi表示,通過切換到俄羅斯伺服器,Kiwi Farms「很容易成為國內恐怖的更大威脅」。[42] DDoS-Guard於2022年9月5日停止向Kiwi Farms提供服務,也讓該網站的俄羅斯域名無法訪問。 [48][2]互聯網檔案館也把Kiwi Farms排除在Wayback Machine的存檔之外。[49] [43]

Moon之後宣稱Kiwi Farms下線是「有組織的攻擊」,稱「有一群犯罪分子試圖將行為嫁禍給論壇」,以為「職業受害者提供散播言論的機會」。Moon還評論說,他認為Kiwi Farms不可能持續在線。[50]2022年9月6日,The Daily Dot證實VanwaTech正在為該網站提供內容分發網絡服務,因此將其恢復上線。 [51][52]其他VanwaTech基礎設施上運行的網站,包括每日衝鋒8chan在內,也因此開始難以訪問。[53]

騷擾對象自殺

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據了解,Kiwi Farms用戶的騷擾活動已令至少三人自殺。[54][55][56]Kiwi Farms社群將迫使目標自殺視為自己的目標,並在網站上設置來慶祝此類死亡的計數器。[12]:55, 61他們利用社交媒體舉報系統大規模舉報騷擾目標發布的表達自殺想法或意圖的帖子,藉此減少目標獲得幫助的可能性。[12]:91

2013年,美國電子遊戲開發者克洛伊·薩加爾(Chloe Sagal)成為Kiwi Farms的目標。此前, Eurogamer報道稱,薩加爾在Indiegogo眾籌平台上的眾籌活動被標記為「可疑活動」。薩加爾在該平台上籌集了超過3萬美元,用於治療金屬中毒,以清除車禍中的彈片。但Eurogamer報道稱,薩加爾實際上打算將這筆資金用於變性手術。薩加爾後來於2018年6月19日自焚身亡[57][58],多篇報道將此歸咎於Kiwi Farms多年來的騷擾。[5][7][59]

2016年,加拿大女子Julie Terryberry在遭到Kiwi Farms用戶持續騷擾後自殺身亡。[7][60]Joshua Moon事後在論壇上發帖稱Kiwi Farms及其用戶對其自殺不負任何責任。[3]

2021年6月27日,以開發視頻遊戲模擬器higan化名開發人員Near稱自己一生飽受欺凌,但之後Kiwi Farms用戶開始長期騷擾他。在發推時,欺凌漸漸以該網站用戶為中心,「令騷擾不斷加劇」。[5][61][62]Near表示該網站成員持續人肉搜索自己、還有他的朋友們。這些用戶也會慫恿他們自殺、並嘲笑他是自閉症患者。[5][61][62]6月28日,赫克托·馬丁英語Hector Martin (hacker)發表了Google文件的連結,稱作者為他自己和Near的朋友。文件中表示Near已自殺身亡、並指責Kiwi Farms的騷擾與謀殺無異。[61][62][63]馬丁之後表示與警方交談後,證實Near已於前日死亡。[61][63]2021年7月23日,《今日美國》和Near的前僱主確認其死訊。[5]

誹謗訴訟

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2023年5月,開發者的權益倡導人Liz Fong-Jones對總部位於布里斯班的Flow Chemical公司及其董事Vincent Zhen提起了誹謗訴訟。Jones稱該公司幫助Kiwi Farms維持其在線業務;而Kiwi Farms則持續騷擾和人肉搜索她,還有其他LGBTQ人士。由於Flow Chemical和Zhen未就此案進行辯護,法院於2023年7月對他們做出了不利的臨時判決,並於2023年10月責令其向Fong-Jones支付A$445,000及相關訴訟費用。[64]

其他爭議

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基督城清真寺槍擊案

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2019 年 3 月,Kiwi Farms重新發布了 2019 年基督城清真寺槍擊案兇手布倫頓·塔蘭特的直播和宣言。此後不久,網站所有者Joshua Moon公開拒絕了新西蘭警方自願交出有關槍擊案帖子的所有數據(包括論壇發帖人的電子郵件地址和IP 地址)的請求、[65]並對此進行了激烈而嘲諷的回應,稱新西蘭為「糞坑國家」,[13][65]並表示自己「一點也不在乎你們的同性戀法第50條(指2008 年《警察法》 )關於分享(新西蘭警方的)電子郵件的規定」。[66] [67]他認為該請求試圖審查網絡,並堅持認為新西蘭當局「沒有權力從互聯網上刪除視頻」、也「沒有法律權限監禁所有發布視頻的人」。[13] Kiwi Farms 是襲擊發生後新西蘭互聯網服務提供商封鎖的幾個網站之一。[68]在新西蘭,被發現持有或分享襲擊圖像或視頻的人,將可能面臨14年監禁的指控。[69][70]

My Immortal同人小說作者

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2017 年,Tumblr用戶兼青少年小說作家羅斯·克里斯托(Rose Christo)聲稱她是哈利·波特同人小說My Immortal英語My Immortal (fan fiction)》的作者,克里斯托表示她寫這本書是為了尋找失蹤的弟弟,並宣布麥克米倫出版社將出版一本回憶錄《Under the Same Stars: The Search for My Brother and the True Story of My Immortal》,講述這部同人小說的創作過程、她童年遭受的虐待、還有作為美洲原住民,在紐約寄養系統中的經歷。在Kiwi Farms用戶開始在網站討論克里斯托說法的論壇帖子後,其弟回復稱她的故事幾乎全是假的,包括美洲原住民血統、他們去過寄養家庭、以及她尋找弟弟的歷程等。這些是該回憶錄的核心。[71][72]克里斯托隨後承認她偽造了支持她的故事的文件,但堅稱她寫了《My Immortal》。[73]麥克米倫出版公司之後取消出版她的回憶錄。[74][75]

參考

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外部連結

[編輯]