CD59

CD59
已知的结构 PDB 直系同源搜索：PDBe RCSB PDBID列表 1CDQ、1CDR、1CDS、1ERG、1ERH、2J8B、2OFS、2UWR、2UX2、4BIK
标识符
代号	CD59
扩展标识	OMIM：107271；MGI：1888996；HomoloGene：56386；GeneCards：CD59；OMA：CD59 - orthologs
基因位置（人类） 染色体 11號染色體 基因座 11p13 起始 33,703,010 bp 终止 33,736,479 bp
基因位置（小鼠） 染色体 小鼠2号染色体 基因座 2|2 E2 起始 103,900,194 bp 终止 103,921,532 bp
RNA表达模式 Bgee 人类 小鼠（直系同源） Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium bronchial epithelial cell right lung olfactory zone of nasal mucosa upper lobe of left lung minor salivary glands Top expressed in choroid plexus of fourth ventricle right kidney 查阅更多表达数据 BioGPS 查阅更多表达数据
基因本體 分子功能 血浆蛋白结合 complement binding 細胞組分 囊泡 endoplasmic reticulum membrane 膜 粘着斑 Golgi membrane 细胞膜 細胞外區域 cell surface compact myelin anchored component of external side of plasma membrane ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane anchored component of membrane 肌膜 外排體 endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane 細胞外空間 specific granule membrane tertiary granule membrane transport vesicle 生物學過程 凝血 negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport cell surface receptor signaling pathway COPII vesicle coating positive regulation of T cell proliferation regulation of complement activation cell activation neutrophil degranulation regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity 来源：Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源 物種 人類 小鼠 Entrez 966 333883 Ensembl ENSG00000085063 ENSMUSG00000068686 UniProt P13987 Q6FHM9 P58019 mRNA序列 NM_203331 ​NM_000611 ​NM_001127223 ​NM_001127225 ​NM_001127226 ​NM_001127227 ​NM_203329 ​NM_203330 NM_181858 ​NM_001368215 蛋白序列 NP_000602 ​NP_001120695 ​NP_001120697 ​NP_001120698 ​NP_001120699 ​NP_976074 ​NP_976075 ​NP_976076 NP_000602.1 ​NP_001120695.1 ​NP_001120697.1 ​NP_001120698.1 ​NP_001120699.1 ​NP_976074.1 ​NP_976075.1 ​NP_976076.1 NP_862906 ​NP_001355144 基因位置 Chr 11：33.7 – 33.74 Mb Chr 2：103.9 – 103.92 Mb PubMed查询
维基数据
檢視/編輯人類 檢視/編輯小鼠

CD59，亦稱為「膜攻擊複合物（MAC）抑制蛋白」（MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP）、「膜反应性溶血抑制物」（membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL）、「膜攻擊複合物抑制因子」（membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF）或保護素（protectin），在人體內是一種由CD59基因編碼的糖蛋白，屬於分化簇（Cluster of Differntiation, CD）的一種。CD59屬於LY6/uPAR/α-神經毒素蛋白家族。 CD59通過糖化肌醇磷脂（GPI）基團錨定在細胞膜上。當補體系統激活並已產生C5b678複合物時，CD59會阻止補體成分C9聚集到上述複合體上，從而阻止膜攻擊複合物（MAC）的形成。同時，細胞也會收到信號，通過胞吞作用攝入CD59-CD9複合物。

能影響GPI基團的突變會引起紅細胞膜上的CD59分子和衰變加速因子（CD55）數量減少，可引發陣發性夜間血紅素尿症。

部分病毒，例如HIV、巨細胞病毒、牛痘病毒能夠通過將宿主細胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上來逃避補體系統的攻擊。

參見

• 膜攻擊複合物
• 衰變加速因子

拓展閱讀

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• Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (6): 1579–1585. PMID 1376264. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. 
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992, 256 (5065): 1805–1807. PMID 1377404. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. 
• Ninomiya H, Sims PJ. The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690. 
• Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (17): 7876–7879. PMC 49817 . PMID 1381503. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. 
• Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (10): 2669–2673. PMID 1382994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. 
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. Immunology. 1992, 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564 . PMID 1383132. 
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• Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990, 20 (1): 87–92. PMID 1689664. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. 
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 1990, 9 (3): 213–220. PMID 1692709. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. 
• Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323 (17): 1184–1189. PMID 1699124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. 
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. Immunology. 1991, 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423 . PMID 1702747. 
• Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP. Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. Biochem. J. 1990, 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908 . PMID 2302178. 
• Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989, 162 (3): 1553–1559. PMID 2475111. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. 
• Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 170 (3): 637–654. PMC 2189447 . PMID 2475570. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. 
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17 (16): 6728–6728. PMC 318369 . PMID 2476718. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. 
• Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. J. Biochem. 1990, 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909. 
• Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007. 
• Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (15): 4471–4482. PMID 7512825. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. 
• Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. Transplantation. 1994, 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017. 

外部連結

• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CD59+Antigen
• Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.