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伊朗戰爭 (2026年)

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自2026年伊朗衝突
2026年伊朗戰爭
中東危機的一部分
地图
各方发动袭击的情况:
  •    由美以聯軍发动
  •    由伊朗及抵抗軸心勢力发动
日期2026年2月28日 - 至今 (3周3天)
地点
西亚(外溢至印度洋
状态

進行中

参战方
 美国
 以色列
支援
 黎巴嫩[a]
 乌克兰[b]

分離主義者
胡齊斯坦叛軍[18]
伊朗庫爾德斯坦
 伊朗
抵抗軸心
指挥官与领导者
伤亡与损失

伊朗 包括最高領袖阿里·哈梅內伊在內的48名伊朗軍政官員死亡。[49]



  • 据伊朗称:
    • 伊朗 1,444人死亡,18,551人受傷[61]

 黎巴嫩有773人死亡,1933人受傷
 叙利亚有5人死亡,8人受傷
 阿联酋有4人死亡[64]、141人受傷[65]
 巴林有3人死亡,38人受傷[66]
 科威特有4人死亡,32人受傷[67]
 阿曼有1人死亡,3人受傷
 卡塔尔有16人受傷[68]
 约旦有19人受傷[69]
印度 3名印度公民在霍爾木茲海峽喪生
中国 1名中國公民在伊朗喪生[70]
孟加拉国1名孟加拉公民在巴林喪生[71]
孟加拉国 1名孟加拉公民在阿聯酋喪生
尼泊尔 1名尼泊爾公民在阿聯酋喪生
巴基斯坦1名巴基斯坦公民在阿聯酋喪生[72][73]
菲律宾 1名菲律賓公民在以色列喪生

伊朗戰爭(英語:Iran War),又称美以伊战争(英語:US–Israel War on Iran波斯語جنگ آمریکا و اسرائیل با ایران)是2026年一場於伊朗波斯灣沿岸地區爆發的區域性戰爭[74]。2月28日,美国以色列為推翻伊朗伊斯兰革命政权,聯合開展預防性軍事行動打擊该国的高官、將領、戰機、戰艦、戰略設施等關鍵目標[75][76][77][78][79],更發動斩首空襲擊斃伊朗時任最高領袖阿里·哈梅內伊[80]。伊朗隨後以大量弹道导弹自杀式无人机還擊,大舉空襲中東域內多個美軍基地及以色列本土,域內多個海灣國家亦有民用設施遭伊朗空襲牽連[81];同時伊朗亦袭击航經波斯灣主要為油輪的民船[82],事實上封鎖英语2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis霍爾木茲海峽並嚴重影響全球石油供應[83]。该衝突持续至今已外溢蔓延至黎凡特印度洋地區,并有陷入胶着的趋势[84]

自2023年以来,中东局势剑拔弩张美国与伊朗的关系亦日渐僵化。伊朗和以色列2024年与2025年多次爆发军事冲突;在2025年6月的十二日战争期间,美国亦对伊朗的核设施实施打击[85]。2025年末爆发的大规模抗议活动对伊斯兰革命政权造成威胁[86]次年1月,伊朗当局组织屠殺数萬名示威者[87][88]特朗普政府2月与伊朗政府针对伊核问题阿曼展开间接磋商未果后,最终于2月28日促成了“史诗狂怒”行动的展开。根据美國總統特朗普当日的声明,其行動旨在摧毀伊朗的導彈與軍事實力、阻止其取得核武器[89][90],最終協助當地民眾推動政權更替[91][92]

此次戰爭对整个中東乃至国际局势都有重大影响。美以对伊朗的军事行动波及包括首都德黑蘭,以及伊斯法罕库姆卡拉季克尔曼沙阿等多个城市[93][94]。伊朗在遭遇袭击后,旋即对周边包括卡塔尔[95]巴林[96]阿联酋科威特[97]伊拉克[98]约旦[96]沙特阿拉伯[99]土耳其在内的多个国家的美军基地及基建设施展开报复性袭击[100][101],且英国空军位于塞浦路斯阿克罗蒂里基地区也在此次风波中也遭受到小规模误袭[102]。另外,包括以色列、阿塞拜疆[103][104]、阿联酋、阿曼[105]、巴林[96]、卡塔尔、科威特及沙特等多个国家的民用设施也遭受袭击。随着美以与伊朗的战争打响,真主党与以色列于黎巴嫩南部进行的战争亦同时自2024年停火后再度打响[106],黎巴嫩政府隨後宣佈禁止真主黨的所有軍事活動[107]。此次战事造成了许多民众伤亡;许多学校、医院在战事中遭袭[108],其中包括米纳卜学校空袭事件。一些文化遗产亦在军事冲突中受损,其中包括世界遗产古列斯坦宫[108][109]。由于伊朗为能源主要出口国,封锁霍尔木兹海峡使得该区域能源运输受阻[82],引发国际石油液化气价格的大幅上涨[110][111][註 1]

有报道指,特朗普对伊朗战争的态度摇摆不定[113][114][115]。開戰後一周起,川普除了先前提到的作戰目標外,並亮出要求「無條件投降」的最後通牒[116][117],此后甚至于3月11日宣称美国“已经赢得了战争”[113][114]联合国秘书长古特雷斯对美国、以色列藐视和平、致使局势升级的行动进行谴责[118]联合国安全理事会亦通过决议,谴责伊朗对周边国家发动的报复性袭击[118][119]。一些国际法专家也认为此次行动是对伊朗主权的公然冒犯[120][121]。在美国国内亦有对此次伊朗战争合法性的质疑[122][123]。根据五角大楼发布的数据,美国此次军事行动前6日内,已花费113亿美元[124][125]。伊朗方面亦開始拖延與騷擾戰術,提高對方成本並以時間作為籌碼[126][127],媒體稱美以聯軍正為戰事持續至9月作準備[128],兩棲部隊的增援與波斯灣島嶼的進一步地面爭奪也備受關注[129][130]

本次戰爭是繼逮捕委內瑞拉總統馬杜羅後,在2026年美國第二次使用軍事手段進行針對其他主權國家領導人的跨境作戰行動[131]。本次战争亦违反了2026年米兰–科尔蒂纳冬奥会期间的奧林匹克休戰协议[132],是繼2022年北京冬奥会休战协议期间的俄罗斯入侵乌克兰2024年巴黎奧運會期間的加沙戰爭之后连续三届奥运会休战协议期间出现违反相關協議的行为。

名称或称呼

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目前,各界对于此次战事的称谓主要包括“伊朗战争[133][134][135][136](英語:Iran War[137][138])和“美以伊战争[註 2][142][143][144]。伊朗方面对此次战争的称呼为“斋月战争[145]”(波斯語جنگ رمضان[146][147][148],但该名称在通常主要指1973年发生的赎罪日战争

除了以上名称以外,各界也倾向使用一些描述性的称呼,如“中东战争”[149][150],“美以对伊袭击”[151]等;也有避免使用「战争」字样的说法,如“伊朗冲突”[152][153]“美以伊冲突”[154][155][156]“中东冲突”[157]“伊朗危机”[158]。此外,美國智庫外交政策研究所有評論将该战事称为“第三次波斯灣戰爭[74]”。

至于美以双方对此次军事行动的代號,则分别為「史诗狂怒[159][160](又译“史诗怒火[161][162],英語:Operation Epic Fury)和「咆哮之獅」(希伯來語מִבְצַע שְׁאָגַת הָאֲרִיOperation Roaring Lion[163][164]。伊朗方面对于其发动的报复性反击行动的代号则为“真实承诺-4[165][166]波斯語عملیات وعده صادق ۴[167]Operation True Promise 4[168])。

背景

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伊朗核问题与国际社会的制裁

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伊朗的AMAD项目英语AMAD_Project在2003年由时任伊朗最高领袖的哈梅内伊下令暂停。[169]联合国安全理事会自2006年起对伊朗核计划表示关切,在同年12月23日一致通过第1737号决议制裁伊朗研究浓缩铀[註 3],这些关切的问题在2015年伊朗核问题全面协议(JCPOA)签署通过後解决[173]。伊朗方面表示其并不寻求研发核武器,其浓缩铀活动是为了生产民用核能[174]国际原子能机构总干事曾表示,没有证据表明伊朗正在制造原子弹[175]。 一些英美分析人士则认为,伊朗正在推行一种“核对冲英语Nuclear_latency#Nuclear_hedging”的缓兵之计策略[176]

2018年美国单方面退出伊核协议讓美国恢复了对伊朗的制裁,美方及其盟友与伊朗的关系也从外交转向武力对峙。[177] 第一任特朗普政府采取“极限施压英语Maximum pressure campaign”的政策。[178] 而随后的拜登政府并未放松经济制裁,反而实施更多制裁措施。[179] 第二任特朗普政府执政后,再次对伊朗重启“极限施压”政策。[180]

伊朗反政府抗议

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自2025年12月起,伊朗爆發席捲全國的反政府示威,導火線為經濟困境、貨幣里亞爾急劇貶值及物價飛漲。示威者更提出更換政權的訴求,規模被指為自1979年伊朗革命以來最大[181],行動遍及全國逾100個城市[182]。當局隨即展開強力鎮壓,包括大規模屠殺抗议民众,其中2026年1月8日至10日為傷亡最慘重時段[183]伊朗最高領袖阿里·哈梅內伊在最高國家機構同意下,親自下令在全國範圍內武力鎮壓抗议者。目前外界估算,示威鎮壓造成的死亡人數或已達數萬人,最新統計介乎30000至43000人之間[184][185]美聯社指出,當局壓倒性的暴力手段令伊朗社會瀰漫絕望情緒,部分民眾寄望於美國出手干預[186]。有亲美學者分析認為,伊朗政權正陷入高度脆弱狀態,未來或面臨存亡關頭[187]。伊朗則加快洽談採購中俄軍備和防空系統積極備戰[188][189][190]

美国军事施压与美伊谈判

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2026年2月6日美國調動軍隊到中東期間,第3航空母艦打擊群英语Carrier Strike Group 3阿拉伯海航行

1月13日,特朗普公開呼籲伊朗民眾「繼續抗議」,並敦促他們「接管你們的機構」,同時聲稱「援助正在路上」[191]。1月23日,他再宣佈一支美國「艦隊」正駛往中東,當中包括亞伯拉罕·林肯號航空母艦及多艘導彈驅逐艦[192]

美國與歐洲官員透露,華盛頓已向德黑蘭提出三項關鍵條件:永久停止一切鈾濃縮活動、對彈道導彈計劃設下嚴格限制,以及全面中止對哈馬斯真主黨胡塞武裝等地區反美反以勢力的支持[193]

2月6日,美伊雙方在阿曼首都馬斯喀特舉行間接核談判。伊朗方面表示,任何進展均須待各自返回首都磋商後方可推進[194]。第二輪談判預定在日內瓦舉行[194]。同月初,美國再向中東增派第二艘傑拉爾德·R·福特號航空母艦,以加強對伊朗的戰略壓力[195]

2月11日,伊朗舉行1979年革命47周年紀念活動,現場出現親政府集會及強烈反美言辭[196]。2月13日,特朗普表示,若伊朗出現政權更替,將會是「可能發生的最好事情」[197]。翌日(2月14日),美國官員向路透社透露,美軍正準備展開為期數星期的持續軍事行動,而非一次性有限打擊;此舉意味行動或將演變為一場範圍廣泛的戰役,打擊目標可能涵蓋伊朗的國家及安全體系基礎設施,而不僅止於核設施[198]

2月19日,特朗普在和平委员会首次會議上,警告伊朗必須在10至15天做出「有意義」的協議,「否則就會有壞事發生」。[199]

2月24日,特朗普在國情咨文演說中,指責伊朗重啟發展核武的企圖,並將其形容為「邪惡」行徑。他又稱,伊朗導彈技術日益先進,足以威脅美國、歐洲及美軍海外基地,並警告華府在必要時將採取行動[200]

時序

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2月28日

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美国、以色列发动袭击

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美国总统唐纳德·特朗普8分钟的讲话。
2026年2月28日,“史诗狂怒”行动

上:川普总统、國務卿盧比歐中央情報局局長約翰·拉特克里夫、白宮幕僚長怀尔斯海湖庄园監督對伊朗的空襲

下:副總統范斯國家情報總監加巴德及國家安全會議高層在白宫战情室協調對伊朗的空襲

2月28日行动开始当日,美國總統當勞·特朗普宣佈美國與以色列聯手對伊朗展開軍事打擊,並明言行動旨在摧毀伊朗的導彈與軍事實力、阻止其取得核武,最終協助當地民眾推動政權更替[201]。他同時向伊斯蘭革命衛隊成員發出警告,要求他們放下武器以換取免責待遇,否則「必死無疑」[202]。攻擊展開約兩小時後,特朗普發表一段長達8分鐘的讲话,明言美軍行動的實質目標是推動伊朗政權更替[203][204]。其後,《紐約時報》引述一名美國官員稱,美軍對伊朗的打擊行動「正在進行中」[205]。美國官員證實,美軍正對伊朗發動攻勢,並強調這「並非小規模打擊」[206]。有美方官員透露,數十次空襲由部署於中東基地及航空母艦上的攻擊機執行[207]。路透社指出,行動同時涉及空中與海上力量[208]。另有美方官員證實,相關行動與以色列方面協調推進[209]

以色列總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡發表影片聲明,表示以色列與美國聯手對伊朗發動打擊,目的是消除其所稱伊朗「恐怖政權」帶來的生存威脅。他指控伊朗領導層過去,稱「47年來,阿亞圖拉政權一直高喊『以色列去死』與『美國去死』」,並將其形容為「殺人恐怖政權」,強調絕不容許其擁有核武。內塔尼亞胡表示,今次行動將為伊朗人民創造條件,使他們得以掌握自身命運,並呼籲民眾「擺脫暴政枷鎖」[210]。多家媒體報導稱,以色列境內響起防空警報,政府呼籲民眾留在受保護區域內,確保人身安全[211][212]。美國駐以色列大使邁克·赫卡比敦促美國公民在聽到警報時立即採取行動[213],特朗普則警告,美國人員或會在衝突中喪生[214]以色列衛生部亦將醫院設施轉移至地下,以應對潛在襲擊[215]。CNN指出,此次行動的時間點在猶太傳統中具有象徵意義,因其發生於3月2日猶太節日普珥節之前[216]

以色列國防部長伊斯雷爾·卡茨稱,该次行動屬於「先發制人攻擊」,目的是「清除對以色列國構成的威脅[217]」。卡茨確認以軍已展開行動後,當地隨即傳出爆炸聲[218][219]。據報,打擊目標包括德黑蘭一處高層官員聚居地,伊朗最高領袖阿里·哈梅內伊通常在該區居住,區內亦設有總統府及伊朗最高國家安全委員會[220]。當局確認至少七枚導彈擊中該區[221]以色列其後宣佈全國進入緊急狀態,指當局預期伊朗可能作出報復性攻擊[211][222]

法尔斯通訊社CNN報導稱,伊朗多個城市亦出現爆炸,包括庫姆、克爾曼沙赫、伊斯法罕及卡拉季[223][224]。德黑蘭市內的大學街、共和國大街區及北部塞耶德·漢丹區均傳出導彈襲擊[225]。攻擊後,德黑蘭通訊服務受到干擾[226]伊朗学生通讯社表示,多个军事基地遭到袭击後,造成数千名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队人员伤亡[227]。伊朗随后反擊,使用飛彈、無人機及戰鬥轟炸機,全面襲擊了沙特阿拉伯、卡達、阿联酋、巴林科威特等國的美军基地,以及民用機場、酒店及煉油廠等基建設施[228][229],又襲擊通過荷姆茲海峽的美国、以色列、欧洲国家及其支持者的油輪或其他船只,强调这些国家的军用民用船只禁止通过[230]。其後的衛星圖像顯示,伊朗的反擊對中東的美軍基地造成損害[231]

哈梅内伊之死

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2026年2月28日,多家伊朗官方媒體於空襲初期堅決否認哈米尼在空襲中身亡,但随後在其抢救无效后還是證實了此消息。伊朗政府隨即宣佈全國哀悼40天[232]。3月1日,根据美国哥伦比亚广播公司2月28日援引两名匿名美国官员的话报道称,包括伊朗国防部长阿齐兹·纳西尔扎德、伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队总司令穆罕默德·帕克普尔和伊朗国防委员会秘书阿里·沙姆哈尼在内40名伊朗官员在空袭中死亡[233][234]。伊朗称,在伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊殉职后,将由伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬和司法总监和宪法监护委员会一名法学家领导国家[235]。哈梅内伊的女儿、女婿、孙辈和儿媳也在袭击中身亡。[236][237][238]

伊朗还击

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伊朗向波斯灣多個美軍基地發射導彈,并命名此次行动为“真实承诺IV”,局勢迅速升級[239]巴林啟動空襲警報,其後確認美國第五艦隊總部成為目標之一;阿拉伯媒體報稱首都麥納麥出現爆炸與濃煙[240][241][242]。卡塔爾表示成功攔截一枚伊朗導彈[243]科威特阿聯酋首都阿布扎比亦傳出爆炸[244]。阿联酋成功拦截了多枚伊朗导弹,但境內有平民被拦截导弹的碎片击中身亡。[245]敘利亞境內有房屋被伊朗導彈擊中造成人員死傷。[246]英美油轮在波斯湾霍尔木兹海峡遭到伊朗攻擊[247]

CNN引述伊斯蘭革命衛隊稱,伊朗鎖定四個美軍設施,包括卡塔爾烏代德空軍基地、科威特薩勒姆空軍基地、阿聯酋達夫拉空軍基地,以及巴林的美國第五艦隊基地,並發佈畫面顯示巴林基地附近升起濃煙[248]。報道稱,沙地阿拉伯首都利雅德也聽到爆炸聲[249]。法國位於阿聯酋的基地和平營也遭到伊朗襲擊。[250]以色列境內有楼房遭导弹擊中,造成人員死傷。[251][252]阿拉伯聯合大公國位於朱美拉棕櫚島費爾蒙棕櫚飯店遭到伊朗無人機攻擊起火[253],火勢蔓延至飯店多個樓層,造成費爾蒙棕櫚飯店有4人受傷。被攔截的無人機碎片也導致帆船酒店發生火災。哈里發塔附近也發現無人機。迪拜國際機場也遭到伊朗無人機攻擊。[254]中東多國在3月初陸續關閉領空,班機停飛,導致航運樞紐陷入疫情以來最大混亂[255]

第一周(3月1日–6日)

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伊朗對中東多國展開報復打擊

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美國在中東的軍事基地

3月1日上午,伊朗對以色列及多個中東國家發動報復性攻擊,向以色列、阿聯酋、卡塔爾、科威特巴林約旦沙地阿拉伯發射導彈及無人機[256]。數小時內,伊朗再向特拉維夫、海法及波斯灣地區的美軍基地發射導彈。與此前十二日戰爭期間相比,此次反應明顯更為迅速,外界認為顯示伊朗軍事指揮架構可能出現調整[257]

伊朗鎖定波斯灣多處美軍設施為目標[258]。巴林啟動空襲警報,阿拉伯媒體報道首都麥納麥可見爆炸與濃煙[259][260]。巴林其後確認,美國第五艦隊總部遭到攻擊[261]科威特國際機場阿布扎比亦傳出爆炸聲[262][263]科威特外交部英语Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)召見伊朗駐科威特大使穆罕默德·圖通奇,表達抗議[264]。革命衛隊表示,已攻擊卡塔爾烏代德空軍基地、科威特阿里·薩利姆空軍基地英语Ali Al Salem Air Base[265]、阿聯酋達夫拉空軍基地英语Al Dhafra Air Base,以及巴林的美國第五艦隊總部,並發佈影片顯示巴林基地方向升起濃煙[266]

沙地阿拉伯確認利雅得東部省遭襲,並稱成功攔截來襲導彈[267],強調將採取「一切必要措施」自衛,包括回擊選項[268]。阿聯酋表示成功攔截多枚導彈,但一名亞洲籍人士因攔截碎片墜落住宅區喪生[269][270]。卡塔爾則稱攔截至少兩波攻擊,未有人員傷亡或重大損失[271]伊拉克庫爾德斯坦地區亦成為目標,艾比爾國際機場美國駐艾比爾總領事館英语Consulate General of the United States in Erbil附近設施遭襲,不過多數來襲導彈及無人機被攔截[272]。以色列方面,北部一幢九層住宅樓被擊中,一人受傷[273]海法特拉維夫亦遭襲[274]。特拉維夫一處住宅區遇襲,造成一名女子死亡、27人受傷[275]。一枚伊朗導彈突破防空系統,擊中貝特謝梅什一間猶太會堂,造成9死、11失蹤、51傷[276][277]。有報道指伊朗導彈擊中約旦領土及首都安曼[278][279]。約旦稱擊落兩枚來襲彈道導彈[269],並處理54宗墜落碎片報告,僅造成財物損失[280]

杜拜多處住宅區,包括靠近哈利法塔杜拜碼頭棕櫚群島地帶遭到波及,費爾蒙特棕櫚島酒店英语Fairmont The Palm起火[281],造成四人受傷[282]多哈郊區亦有住宅建築受損[283][271][284][285]。當地消息指伊朗使用沙赫德無人機,此型無人機亦為哈馬斯與真主黨等組織常用武器之一[286]。阿聯酋其後稱成功攔截「新一波」導彈,但攔截碎片仍對阿布扎比與杜拜部分建築,包括阿拉伯塔造成損害[287][288]。巴林晚間報道,一幢住宅區塔樓遭伊朗無人機擊中[282]。當日晚些時候,以色列宣佈已對伊朗中部防空系統及導彈發射裝置展開新一輪攻擊[289]

3月1日,霍爾木茲海峽一帶局勢亦趨緊張。阿曼杜庫姆港英语Duqm Port據報遭兩架無人機擊中,一名外籍工人受傷[290]。阿曼海事安全中心確認,一艘名為「Skylight」、懸掛帛琉國旗的油輪,在海塞卜港以北5海里遇襲,4名印度裔伊朗籍船員受傷[291]。其後,另一艘在阿聯酋米納薩克爾西北17海里的船隻遭投射物擊中起火,火勢被撲滅[292]。霍爾木茲海峽關閉後,約150艘貨船(包括大量油輪)滯留海峽外等候通行[293]。巴林首都麥納麥一間皇冠假日酒店被伊朗無人機擊中起火,民防部門出動疏散遊客及員工[294][295]。阿布扎比一架無人機在靠近阿提哈德塔、以色列大使館附近被攔截,殘骸導致建築受損,一名婦女及其子女受輕傷[296]。科威特則錄得1死32傷[297]

阿布扎比薩拉姆海軍基地倉庫遭兩架伊朗無人機襲擊,兩個貨櫃起火[298]亞馬遜表示其阿聯酋亞馬遜雲端運算服務數據中心遭物體擊中並起火,路透社指事故導致全面停電及可用區暫時性網絡中斷[299]。沙地阿拉伯表示成功攔截企圖攻擊蘇丹王子空軍基地哈立德國王國際機場的導彈[300]。英國軍方稱,一架皇家空軍颱風戰鬥機擊落一架飛往卡塔爾領空的伊朗無人機[301]。伊朗導彈與無人機亦襲擊艾比爾附近美軍基地及約旦東部德軍野戰營地,1名美軍受傷[302]。此外,一艘懸掛馬紹爾群島國旗的MKD VYOM號油輪在阿曼近岸受損[303]。當日傍晚,一枚彈道導彈擊中西耶路撒冷地區,造成道路及車輛受損,6人受傷[304]。一枚伊朗導彈殘骸則落在敘利亞艾因塔爾馬英语Ein Tarma[305]。科威特國際機場襲擊造成若干未說明損毀[281]

伊朗革命衛隊宣稱以四枚導彈擊中美國亞伯拉罕·林肯號航空母艦美國中央司令部X官方帳號在該社交媒體平台已證實這宣稱是假新聞[306]。阿布扎比法國海軍和平營據報亦遭導彈或無人機攻擊[307]

3月1日川普就攻擊事件發表最新進展講話,其中包括哈梅內伊之死。

3月1日,以色列對伊朗境內目標展開新一輪空襲,屬其持續軍事行動的一環[308],攻擊重點落在德黑蘭市中心。伊朗媒體報道多次猛烈爆炸[309]。特朗普同日在真實社交發文警告稱:「伊朗剛剛聲稱他們今天將進行猛烈打擊,比他們以往遭受的任何打擊都更猛烈。不過他們最好不要那樣做,因為如果他們那樣做,我們將以前所未見的力量回擊他們[308]!」美國中央司令部表示,已奉命「瓦解伊朗政權的安全機構」[310]以色列國防軍則稱,轟炸兩架正準備起飛的F-4F-5戰鬥機[311]。伊朗最高安全官員阿里·拉里賈尼宣佈成立臨時領導委員會,指控美以企圖肢解伊朗,並警告任何「分離主義團體」若乘機行動,將面臨嚴重後果[308]。議長穆罕默德·巴蓋爾·卡利巴夫則點名威脅特朗普與以色列總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡,稱兩人已越過紅線,必將「付出代價」[308]

米納卜學校空襲後,人們在瓦礫中搜尋死傷者

德黑蘭革命法院大樓在空襲中被毀[312]米納卜學校空襲死亡人數增至148人[313]阿扎迪體育場阿扎迪廣場默德塔一帶亦傳出爆炸[313]。伊朗紅新月會表示,德黑蘭多間醫院及其「和平大樓」附近出現爆炸情況[313]

以色列國防軍進一步宣稱,已摧毀「內部安全部隊總參謀部」及薩爾安拉總部[314]。伊朗媒體稱,美以行動亦波及國家廣播電視總部[315]。被擊斃的官員包括情報部官員穆罕默德·巴塞里英语Mohammad Baseri,以及警察情報部門主管吳拉姆雷扎·雷扎伊安英语Gholamreza Rezaian[313]。特朗普其後向NBC新聞表示,伊朗已有「大批領導層」在行動中被擊斃[316]。因應黎巴嫩北部武裝行動,以軍空襲貝魯特貝卡谷地等戰略目標[317],並波及黎巴嫩南部[318]。其後,以色列空軍展開對德黑蘭的行動[319]

2026年3月2日,美國中央司令部在伊朗發動「史詩狂怒行動」期間的空襲集錦

有3架美軍的F-15鷹式戰鬥機遭科威特的MIM-104爱国者导弹誤擊墜毀,飛行員跳傘逃生。美國中央司令部和科威特國防部已證實有3架美國軍機墜落,飛行員全部生還[320]。有影片顯示一位跳傘生還的飛行員被當地居民見到並友好地問她有沒有大礙[321][322]

塞浦路斯英军基地遇袭

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英国军方在塞浦路斯岛部署的皇家海军“龙”号驱逐舰

3月2日,當地時間午夜前後,位於塞浦路斯岛亞克羅提利與德凱利亞主權根據地區英國皇家空軍基地疑似遭到伊朗無人機襲擊,亞克羅提利與德凱利亞地區拉響了空襲警報[323]。據報道,五架無人機被攔截,但其中一架擊中了機場,造成輕微損壞[324][325]英國軍方自動警報系統顯示存在“持續的安全威脅”[326]英國國防部聲稱“基地已對襲擊做出回應”。塞浦路斯政府隨後證實了這項說法[327]。據報道,此事發生在英國允許美國使用其軍事基地對伊朗發動軍事行動數小時之後[328]。伊朗也聲稱擊落了一架美國MQ-9收割者偵察無人機[329]。塞浦路斯帕福斯國際機場在空中發現不明飛行物後進行疏散[330],與此同時,亞克羅提利空軍基地在探測到潛在威脅後再次拉響了警報[331]。後來塞浦路斯政府證實這些物體是兩架無人機,已被攔截,未造成任何損失。[332]事件發生後,希臘宣布部署護衛艦F-16戰鬥機協防塞浦路斯[333]

英國國防大臣賀理安稱,伊朗曾向塞浦路斯岛英軍基地方向發射兩枚導彈,但他認為基地並未受攻擊[334][335];塞浦路斯國防部長其後否認有導彈射向該國[336]。伊朗或其盟友亦襲擊巴格達國際機場附近的美軍勝利基地[337]及巴林米納薩勒曼港英语Mina Salman[338]

3月4日,拉納卡國際機場因黎巴嫩一台無人機而暫時關閉,但隨後被希臘空軍F-16戰隼戰鬥機擊落。這些希臘F-16戰鬥機是在伊朗發出威脅後部署到該地區的。[339][340]有報告指出塞浦路斯領空關閉,但塞浦路斯政府後來否認了這一說法,並在同一份聲明中證實了來自黎巴嫩的無人機的存在。[341]

英國首相基爾·斯塔默於3月3日表示,英國將向塞浦路斯派遣具備反無人機能力的直升機,並將防空驅逐艦“龍”號部署到該地區。[342]

真主黨加入戰局

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3月2日,真主黨為報復伊朗最高領袖哈梅內伊遇害,向以色列發射導彈。以軍隨即空襲貝魯特,局勢被視為區域衝突重大升級[343]。海法及上加利利凌晨響起警報[344][345]。以軍稱攔截部分火箭,其餘落入空曠地帶[346]。以色列情報相信行動來自德黑蘭指示,軍方更形容此舉等同真主黨「正式宣戰」,並誓言清除威脅[317]。真主黨承認責任,稱襲擊海法以軍基地[347]

隨後以色列军方地面部隊在黎巴嫩南部地区执行任务。[348]

美軍取得伊朗制空權

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美國參謀長聯席會議主席丹·凱恩在新聞發布會上宣佈,美軍已在伊朗上空取得制空權[349]

以軍炸毀伊朗政府機構

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以色列在當天凌晨繼續對黎巴嫩和伊朗進行轟炸和軍事行動。[350]以色列國防軍宣布摧毀了伊朗最高國家安全委員會總部、指揮控制基礎設施和伊朗總統辦公室,並指出其目標是「政權最核心、最重要的總部」。 [351]此外,以色列國防部長授權對黎巴嫩進行地面入侵,以奪取戰略要地。[352][353]根據美國方面消息,以色列嚴重破壞了主要集中在阿曼灣的伊朗海軍能力,多艘伊朗軍艦被摧毀,一些重要基地遭到襲擊。[354][355]聯合國教科文組織世界遺產古列斯坦宮遭到以軍和美軍空襲的碎片擊中。[356]根據伊朗新聞報道,以軍和美軍炸毀了庫姆負責「選舉伊朗最高領袖」的專家會議[357]

真主黨據稱在奈拜提耶擊落了一架以色列無人機。[358]當地時間凌晨1點40分(格林威治標準時間22:00),伊朗轟炸多哈[359][360] 和塞浦路斯的拉纳卡、麥肯齊社區、拉納卡國際機場附近以及亞克羅提利與德凱利亞的英國基地。[361][362][363]當地時間凌晨3點30分左右(格林威治標準時間23:30),阿聯酋偵測到多枚從伊朗射向阿聯酋的飛彈。[364]伊朗也轟炸了沙烏地阿拉伯首都利雅德,當地美國大使館發生火災[365] ,大使館遭到兩架伊朗無人機襲擊,但由於當時大樓內無人,因此沒有人員傷亡。[366][367]以色列警方報告稱,特拉維夫有一人因伊朗投下的彈片而受傷。[368]亚马逊云计算服务(AWS)在海灣國家遭到攻擊,位於阿聯酋和巴林的AWS設施遭受嚴重破壞。[369]哈馬德國際機場遭到伊朗攻擊,但被卡達軍隊制止。[370]伊朗襲擊了阿聯酋富查伊拉石油工業區,導致碎片掉落並引發火災。[371]

美以聯軍加大軍事打擊力度

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以軍F-35戰鬥機(攝於2026年3月4日)

這次聯合空襲的目標是德黑蘭的阿扎迪廣場、軍事設施以及地鐵站。[372]根據美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)報道,美軍摧毀了17艘伊朗軍艦和近2000個目標。[373][374] 在伊朗發表聲明稱向途經霍爾木茲海峽的船隻開火後,川普表示如有必要,美軍將提供軍事護航。[375]

以軍一架F-35閃電II戰鬥機在德黑蘭上空擊落了一架俄製伊朗雅克-130戰鬥機,這是歷史上隱形戰機首次在實戰中擊落有人駕駛的戰鬥機[376][377][378]以色列的攻擊目標包括巴斯基民兵總部、飛彈發射陣地、防禦系統以及隸屬於伊朗地面部隊的後勤補給部門。 [379]根據伊朗方面消息,穆傑塔巴·哈梅內伊(哈梅內伊的次子)在一次空襲中倖存了下來。[380]一架無人機在巴格達國際機場附近被擊落,另一波無人機和飛彈在阿尔贝拉被攔截。[381]一名11歲的科威特女孩在與伊朗彈片有關的事件中受傷身亡。[382]根據卡達國防部報告,被譽為「中東最大的美國基地」的烏代德空軍基地遭到伊朗攻擊,但無人傷亡。[383]沙烏地阿美公司的拉斯塔努拉煉油廠遭到一枚砲彈攻擊。[384]

美以聯合空襲摧毀了德黑蘭阿扎迪體育中心內一座可容納12,000人的室內體育館。眾所周知,當局利用多個城市的體育場館和體育中心集結和部署軍事和安全部隊,以及裝備和車輛,以躲避美以空襲。[385]

美軍潛艇擊沉伊朗軍艦

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美軍潛艇擊沉伊朗德納號護衛艦

2026年3月4日,伊朗海軍巡防艦德納號」在印度洋美國海軍潛艇擊沉,地點位於斯里蘭卡加勒以南約40海里。該艦先前參加了在印度維沙卡帕特南舉行的2026年國際艦隊檢閱和多邊聯合軍事演習。[386][387][388]

斯里蘭卡國防部稱,32名船員從水中獲救,並被送往加勒的卡拉皮蒂亞教學醫院接受爆炸相關傷勢和疲勞的治療。[389]然而仍有100多名人員下落不明,至少有78人在最初的襲擊中受傷。這艘「穆奇級」巡防艦的沉沒標誌著伊朗海軍近代史上最重大的海軍損失之一。

庫爾德斯坦叛乱

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伊朗庫爾德斯坦政治力量聯盟一位不願透露姓名的官員稱,由數千名庫德斯坦自由生活黨成員組成的伊拉克庫爾德斯坦武裝部隊已開始對伊朗領土發動軍事進攻,行動於3月2日早些時候開始。[390]據報導,美國和以色列官員證實了這起事件。[391]然而,一位不願透露姓名的自由生活黨官員否認了正在進行的進攻和跨境部隊調動的說法,伊拉克庫爾德斯坦總理馬斯魯爾·巴爾扎尼英语Masrour Barzani的副幕僚長阿齊茲·艾哈邁德也否認了這一說法。[392]3月4日,川普與庫爾德斯坦民主黨領導人內奇爾萬·巴爾扎尼英语Nechirvan Barzani庫爾德斯坦愛國聯盟領導人巴菲爾·塔拉巴尼英语Bafel Talabani通了電話,期間他們討論了伊朗戰爭的下一步走向。[393]

根據Axios報道,巴爾札尼和塔拉巴尼對讓庫德族武裝部隊(佩什梅加)參與任何針對伊朗的地面入侵表示保留意見[393] ,並補充說他們主要擔憂的是伊朗可能對伊拉克境內的庫德武裝做出大規模軍事回應。[394]此外,川普也與伊朗庫德族領導人穆斯塔法·希吉里英语Mustafa Hijri通了電話。 [393]白宮新聞秘書卡羅琳·萊維特表示,川普總統尚未決定是否支持庫德族發動潛在的進攻,伊朗境內的庫德族武裝分子表示,他們正在等待美國的「綠燈」。[393] 伊朗庫德斯坦自由戰士大會呼籲伊朗庫德斯坦人民組建“地方治理委員會”和“自衛委員會”,以抵抗伊朗政府軍的驅逐,並遠離他們已知的居住地以確保安全。[395]

美國總統川普表示,如果庫德族武裝部隊在伊朗境內發動攻勢,他將予以支持。[396]庫德族武裝部隊已就可能入侵伊朗西部一事與美國政府取得聯繫,先前他們正在等待美國的「綠燈」。

伊朗空襲阿塞拜疆

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伊朗稱其攻擊目標是伊拉克境內的庫德族武裝,並警告分離主義者。伊朗和以色列再次互相發射飛彈。戰爭進入第六天,目前尚無人員傷亡報告。據《衛報》報道,伊朗聲稱襲擊了波斯灣的一艘美國油輪。[397]

來自伊朗的飛彈和無人機襲擊了阿塞拜疆納希切萬飛地的納希切萬國際機場。[398]據阿塞拜疆外交部稱,一架無人機墜落在納希切萬國際機場的航站樓樓上,另一架則降落在沙卡拉巴德村的一所學校附近,造成機場受損,兩名平民受傷。[399]在這些傷亡事件發生後,阿塞拜疆召見了其駐伊朗大使[400],並承諾將採取軍事回應。[401] 伊朗副外交部長卡齊姆·加里巴巴迪否認襲擊。[402]同時,一個與伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊有關聯的Telegram頻道「Sepah Pasdaran News Channel」聲稱對納希切萬的襲擊事件負責。[403]

伊朗飛彈發射次數下降與海軍被消滅

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美國中央司令部表示,與戰爭爆發首日相比,伊朗的飛彈發射次數在四天內下降了86%,無人機發射次數下降了73%。同時表示美軍已擊沉20多艘伊朗艦艇,[404]包含二戰以來第一次的航母對戰,此役中,伊朗的無人機航母「巴蓋里烈士號」(IRIS Shahid Bagheri)隨後被海軍航空兵擊沉,不過這是一艘去年才剛服役的改裝航空母艦[405][406][407],另外有伊朗版航母殺手之稱,配備了垂直發射系統(VLS)的雙體高速戰艦「沙希德・薩亞德・希拉茲號」(IRIS Shahid Sayyad Shirazi),也在未發射反艦飛彈下就被擊沉[408]

據報道,伊朗油輪「布希爾號」出現在斯里蘭卡附近海域,並被斯里蘭卡海軍扣押,船上208名船員也一同被扣押。這是二戰以來,軍艦首次被中立國扣押。[409]美以聯軍對德黑蘭、克爾曼沙阿以及伊朗西部的薩勒馬斯、馬庫斯和薩蓋茲等地進行了猛烈空襲[410],並炸毀了伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊在洛雷斯坦省的一個情報設施。[411]

第二周(3月7日–3月13日)

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美以聯軍對伊朗政府在德黑蘭和伊斯法罕的多個基礎設施目標發動了攻擊。[412][413]以色列国防军发表声明称,近50架以色列空军战斗机已彻底摧毁哈梅内伊位于德黑兰的地下掩体,并向该设施投掷了约100枚炸弹。以色列指出,该掩体位于伊朗德黑兰“领导层建筑群”下方,横跨数条街道,包含“多个入口和会议室,供伊朗恐怖政权的高级成员使用[414]”。此外,美國也派遣了第三艘航空母舰喬治·H·W·布希號到中东地区。[415][416][417]位於伊拉克巴士拉的美國哈里伯頓公司的廠區和煉油廠遭到伊朗無人機襲擊。[418]德黑蘭梅赫拉巴德國際機場在凌晨遭到美以聯軍襲擊,以軍稱摧毀了16架聖城旅飛機。[419][420]印度新德里電視台通報,經過一週的敵對行動,伊朗可能只剩下約一千枚彈道飛彈。[421]美以聯軍亦首次擊中了德黑蘭的石油設施,以色列國防軍稱這些設施被伊朗軍方使用。[422]据反对派媒体伊朗国际报道显示,美以空襲布什爾受到了伊朗当地民众的歡呼。[423]在同一週,伊朗開始以封鎖海峽為要挾,引發油價震盪,試圖用消耗成本來與對手展開博弈[424][425]

攻擊與封鎖海峽水道

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伊朗總統馬蘇德·佩澤希齊揚向中東鄰國道歉,並且告訴記者除非攻擊源自中東鄰國,伊朗將從3月7日起停止對他們的攻擊[426]。佩澤希齊揚的言论引发伊朗政界和媒体人士的批评,并指出伊斯兰共和国在捍卫国家利益方面没有红线[427]。然而同一天,杜拜國際機場遭到伊朗無人機襲擊[428]杜拜碼頭一座塔樓的正面也遭到攻擊。[429]穆罕默德-巴盖尔·加利巴夫推翻了總統的聲明,稱只要海灣國家駐紮著美國軍事基地,就會遭受打擊;外部分析認為,這表明伊朗政權的決策結構內部缺乏統一的協調。[430]阿尔贝拉巴格達也發生了爆炸,美國駐伊拉克大使館遭到伊朗飛彈襲擊。[431]美軍襲擊了一座海水淡化廠。伊朗聲稱他們進行了報復,並襲擊了最初襲擊的源頭。[432]伊朗最高國家安全委員會主席阿里·拉里賈尼聲稱,自以色列和美國對伊朗發動攻擊以來,已有美軍士兵被俘。美國中央司令部随后在当天駁斥了该說法。[433]

阿聯酋空軍於3月8日称自2月28日至今攔截了來自伊朗的1342架無人機、8枚巡弋飛彈和221枚彈道飛彈[434][435]美以聯軍空襲了伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊航空航天總部和50個彈藥庫。[436]以色列國防部長伊斯雷爾·卡茨稱,上週被任命為伊朗最高領袖的新任軍事辦公室主任阿布·卡西姆·巴巴伊揚已經被以色列空軍擊殺。巴巴伊揚的前任穆罕默德·希拉齊英语Mohammad Shirazi (general)死於首天空襲。[437][438]

3月9日清晨,伊朗無人機襲擊了巴林、科威特和卡達。伊朗無人機在麥納麥附近發動攻擊,造成至少32名巴林公民受傷,其中4人傷勢嚴重。[439]沙地阿拉伯聲稱,沙特皇家武装部队摧毀了4架以謝拜油田為目標的伊朗無人機。[440]北約證實,在土耳其領空攔截了伊朗向土耳其發射的第二枚彈道飛彈[441],該飛彈落在加濟安泰普地區。[442]

3月10日,伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊稱他們襲擊了位於伊拉克庫德斯坦地區哈里爾美軍哈里尔空军基地[443]一位革命衛隊高級指揮官表示,伊朗現在僅發射有效載荷在1000公斤或以上的飛彈。[444]以色列稱其襲擊了德黑蘭的一座武器研究機構。[445]3月11日,美以和伊在海灣地區互相攻击。[446]

3月12日,伊朗情報與國家安全部副部長阿克巴爾·加法裡被一次美以空襲擊殺。[447]人民動員部隊第18旅總部在伊拉克加伊姆遭到空襲。[448]革命衛隊附屬的法斯通訊社報道稱以色列無人機襲擊了德黑蘭多個安全檢查站。[449]伊拉克庫德斯坦馬拉卡拉的一個基地,6名法國士兵被伊朗無人機攻擊受傷,一名法軍士兵喪生。[450]同樣在伊拉克,兩架美國空軍KC-135空中加油机捲入一起事故。其中一架在伊拉克墜毀,造成6名美軍機組人員死亡[451];另一架受損後降落在以色列。[452]這是美軍繼3月2日科威特誤撃3架F-15E後,損失的第四架軍機。[453]

3月13日,北約在土耳其領空攔截了伊朗向土耳其發射的第三枚彈道飛彈。[454]華爾街日報》称,有五架美军的空中加油机在伊朗袭击沙特阿拉伯苏丹王子空军基地时被导弹击中并受损,但並未完全損毀且無人傷亡[455]。總統川普抨擊了「假新聞媒體」報道「假新聞」,並表示事實上該「袭击」發生在幾天前,五架空中加油机的其中四架已經「恢復服役」,另一架受損較嚴重但很快就能重新起飛。[456]

真主黨襲擊敘利亞

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3月10日,在敘利亞總統艾哈迈德·沙拉支持黎巴嫩政府解除真主黨武裝以及動員部署敘利亞軍隊在黎巴嫩邊境之後,[457]黎巴嫩真主黨炮擊距離大馬士革20公里的塞爾蓋亞鎮,該鎮由敘利亞軍隊駐守。[458]敘利亞軍隊作戰指揮部證實了這次攻擊。[459]敘利亞媒體報道稱,以色列在賈林鎮和以色列佔領庫奈特拉攔截了伊朗無人機。[460]當天晚些時候,以色列向貝魯特南部郊區發布了緊急撤離通知。[461]

第三周(3月14日–3月20日)

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3月14日,美國總統川普在社交媒體平台Truth Social上宣布美國中央司令部完全摧毀了哈爾克島除了石油設施外的所有軍事目標,並表示若伊朗政權繼續阻止船隻通過霍爾木茲海峽,該島的石油設施可能也會被摧毀。[462]據美國中央司令部稱,約有90個軍事目標遭到摧毀。[463]川普發文呼籲先前受伊朗封鎖影響的中國日本韓國、法國、英國等依賴霍爾木茲海峽石油運輸要道的國家派遣軍艦護航船隻,稱美軍则協助繼續空襲伊朗海岸線及擊沉伊朗軍艦。[464]作為回應,伊朗外交部長阿巴斯·阿拉格齊宣布開放霍爾木茲海峽予所有除美國及以色列外的船隻通過。[465]其後,這些依賴霍爾木茲海峽石油運輸的國家均拒絕派遣軍艦護航船隻。[466][467][468]伊朗議會國家安全委員會主席易卜拉欣·阿齊茲指責烏克蘭派無人機支持以色列,並警告烏克蘭可能成為伊朗的合法攻擊目標。[469]

3月15日,伊斯法罕地區遭到美以聯軍猛烈空襲[470][471]設拉子附近聽到20次爆炸聲[472],德黑蘭南部[473][471]、德茲富勒空軍基地[474][471]霍梅恩[471]哈馬丹[471]也發生劇烈爆炸。霍爾木茲甘省賈斯克港遭到空襲,損毀嚴重。[475]全國各地居民報告稱,伊斯蘭革命衛隊增加部署安全部隊在檢查站。[476]

3月18日,以色列襲擊伊朗的北方-南帕斯天然氣田[477],隨後伊朗飛彈襲擊了卡達拉斯拉凡工業城和梅賽義德工業城,造成全球最大液化天然氣出口設施「嚴重受損」,以作為此前以色列襲擊伊朗一處天然氣加工廠的回應。[478]

3月19日,英國、法國、德國義大利荷蘭和日本發表聯合聲明譴責伊朗封鎖霍爾木茲海峽,並改變先前拒絕參與的立場,表示「願為確保海峽安全通行做出適當努力。」[479]一架美國F-35戰機在伊朗上空執行作戰任務時,疑似遭到伊朗方面攻擊而受損。該戰機緊急降落在中東的美國空軍基地,無人傷亡。這將是自戰爭爆發以來,伊首次擊中美戰機。[480]伊斯兰革命卫队公布了击伤该战机的视频画面。[481]

3月20日,沙地阿拉伯在北部焦夫省攔截了一枚伊朗飛彈。[482]美國開始針對霍爾木茲海峽的伊朗船隻和無人機進行空中打擊,這是美國為重新開放該海峽進行國際航運而採取的措施之一。[483]

以色列斬首行動

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以色列空軍在3月15日對德黑蘭的空襲擊斃哈塔姆安比亞中央總部情報官員阿卜杜拉·賈拉利-納薩布和阿米爾·沙裡亞特。[484][485]

3月16日,真主黨旅安全指揮官阿布·阿里·阿斯卡里在巴格達的空襲中喪生。[486]

3月17日,以軍在對德黑蘭的空襲擊斃了伊朗最高國家安全委員會秘書兼前最高領袖哈梅内伊的顧問阿里·拉里賈尼、他的兒子莫爾特扎和他的辦公室主任阿里雷扎·巴亞特。[487][488]準軍事組織巴斯基部隊的指揮官吳拉姆-禮薩·蘇萊曼尼[489]、副指揮官阿齊姆·伊斯梅利[490]和巴斯基情報局局長伊斯梅爾·艾哈邁迪也在同日被以軍擊斃。[491]

3月18日,以色列國防部長卡茨稱以軍在對德黑蘭的空襲擊斃了情報與國家安全部部長伊斯梅爾·哈提卜[492][493]

3月20日,美以聯軍在對德黑蘭東部的空襲擊斃了伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊發言人阿里·穆罕默德·納伊尼[494]

兩棲登陸艦的支援

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3月20日,美軍的第二艘兩棲攻擊艦拳擊手號與第十一遠征隊被發現日前已經於從聖地牙哥出發前往亞洲,較預定輪換時間提前幾週[495]。先前的的黎波里號所搭載的2200名海軍陸戰隊員11日自沖繩出發後,在隔週二也被目擊到穿越新加坡海峽,隨後全速進入印度洋前往中東,美軍此前已經對波斯灣的伊朗控制島嶼進行轟炸,不過對於是否開展地面行動仍未有定數[496]

第四周(3月21日至今)

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以色列國防部長卡茨警告說,美以聯軍對伊朗的打擊將在第四周「顯著增強」。[497]美國中央司令部司令布拉德·庫珀英语Brad Cooper (admiral)表示,美軍迄今已打擊了超過8,000個伊朗軍事目標,其中包括130艘艦艇。[498]

3月21日,伊朗向位於印度洋的迪戈加西亞島英美聯合軍事基地發射了兩枚據稱是霍拉姆沙赫爾-4的遠程彈道導彈:一枚導彈在飛行途中失靈、第二枚被美國軍艦成功攔截。軍事基地並未被擊中。[499][500]美以聯軍繼3月2日之後使用掩體炸彈第二次空襲了納坦茲核設施[501],伊朗襲擊了以色列南部城鎮迪莫納[502],造成至少47人受傷。伊朗聲稱其目標是該城市附近的內蓋夫核子研究中心[503][504]以色列南部城鎮阿拉德也受襲,造成180多人受傷。[505]作為回應,以色列随後襲擊了一處位於德黑蘭馬利克-阿什塔爾科技大學英语Malek-Ashtar University of Technology內伊朗政權用於研發核武零件的研發設施。[506]同日,一架卡達軍用直升機意外墜毀,造成4名卡達軍人、1名土耳其士兵和2名技術人員身亡。[507]

與此同時,沙地阿拉伯宣佈驅逐當地伊朗大使館的駐外武官及外交官,要求他們24小時內立即離開。[508][509]美國總統川普在自家社交媒體平台Truth Social上對伊朗發出最後通諜要求48小時內開放海峽,否則美軍將空襲及摧毀伊朗多個發電廠[510];伊朗則指它們會以對等手段回應美以的任何打擊行動。[511]

3月22日,以軍空襲了德黑蘭地區的軍事基地、武器生產和儲存設施以及革命衛隊空軍的一座武器生產基地。[512]伊朗集束炸彈攻擊了特拉維夫,造成15人受傷。[513]

3月23日,美國總統川普宣佈延遲空襲伊朗多個發電廠五天,稱雙方過去兩天就徹底解決敵對行動進行了「非常好的、富有成效的對話」。受此影響,全球股市週一劇烈波動,油價下跌。[514]但隨後,伊朗回應指與美國自開戰以來從沒有舉行過任何會談。[515]由於這不是停火或戰爭結束,美以聯軍繼續轟炸德黑蘭。[516]川普在接受CNBC採訪時表示他認為「這是政權更迭,因為我正在與一些新面孔對話。」[517][518]

3月24日,黎巴嫩宣佈驅逐當地伊朗大使館外交官,要求他們五天內立即離開。[519]以色列和伊朗繼續互相發射導彈攻擊對方[520],以色列特拉維夫有4人輕傷。[521]伊朗官方媒體法斯通訊社報道稱,美以聯軍對伊斯法罕兩處天然氣設施和一條輸油管發動了空襲。[522]

影響

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以色列宣佈全國進入緊急狀態[523],以色列國防部長卡茨發表聲明稱:「根據5711-1951年《民防法》第9C(b)(1)條,在我確認民眾遭受攻擊的可能性極高後,現宣佈全國本土戰線進入特別狀態[524]。」《紐約時報》報道,以色列學校、辦公場所及公共活動亦暫停[525]。伊朗方面再度出現近乎全面斷網。監察機構NetBlocks指,全國網絡連接度跌至平常水平的4%[526][527][528]。區內多國關閉領空後,伊朗上空幾乎不見民航機[529]哈梅内伊去世的消息传出后,有伊朗民众涌上街头庆祝,但同樣有安全部队向街头庆祝者开枪。[530]

2月28日,伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队宣布关闭重要的原油运输通道荷姆茲海峽[531][532],国际油价大幅上涨[533]。3月11日,国际能源署宣布其成员国一致同意释放4亿桶石油储备,创历史最大规模[534]

中东最大的集装箱码头迪拜杰贝阿里港被导弹袭击后暂停运营。许多国际航运公司征收“战争危险附加费”[535]。以色列、伊拉克、科威特、巴林、卡塔尔、阿联酋和叙利亚等國同時關閉領空[536][8]

多家航空公司因战争影响宣布延误班机,影响部分航班取消[537]阿联酋航空枢纽机场迪拜国际机场卡塔尔航空的枢纽机场哈馬德國際機場阿提哈德航空的枢纽机场阿布扎比国际机场暂时停运,影响国际中转航班[538]。航空停运使大量旅客滞留中東地區的机场[539]。3月6日,阿联酋航空和阿提哈德航空宣布恢复有限航班[540]

为避免可能出现的股市崩盘,阿联酋两大主要股市自3月1日至2日休市[541]。3月4日開市後,各國股市投資人下挫,湧入黃金等資產[542][543]

民間傷亡

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伊朗米納卜一所女子小學遭飛彈空襲。報道稱,空襲造成108名學生死亡,92名學生受傷。《華盛頓郵報》報道稱,死亡人數尚未獲得獨立證實。[544]美聯社[545]和《紐約時報》稱他們收集的證據表明,空襲系美國所為。[546]川普稱空襲系伊朗所為。[547]3月11日,美國軍方的初步調查顯示美軍應對伊朗學校遭致命飛彈攻擊負責,原因是美軍策劃者定位失誤。[548]

伊朗红新月会称,截至3月7日,总计6668处民用设施被攻击,其中包含14个医疗中心设施、65所学校和13个红新月会下属的中心。[549]

军事开销

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2026年3月2日,即开战的第四天,美国进步中心估计该战争已使美国耗资50亿美元。[550] 《有线电视新闻网》的分析人士表示,美军的每日开销至少为8.9亿美元。[551] 战略与国际研究中心估计,美军发起攻势后六天内花费127亿美元,[552]且根据五角大楼的数据,仅弹药成本一项就至少高达113亿美元。[553]

3月11日,《纽约时报》报道称,伊朗的袭击已造成中东地区至少17处美军设施受损。[554] 相比之下,伊朗发动袭击的资金成本远低于美军实施拦截的成本。例如,爱国者与萨德拦截弹的单价分别高达400万美元和1200万美元,而一架伊朗沙赫德无人机的造价仅为5万美元。[444]

親伊朗人士行為

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3月1日,在巴基斯坦卡拉奇,至少有9名親伊朗抗議者衝擊美國領事館的大門時惨遭美國海軍陸戰隊使館警衛隊杀害[555][556]。此外,伊拉克巴格达、印度查谟和克什米尔邦勒克瑙等地也有亲伊朗示威[557][558]

3月2日,一名支持伊朗政權、反對以色列的塞内加尔裔美国公民在得克萨斯州奥斯汀槍擊他人,造成3人死亡、14人受伤。隨後他被擊斃。[559]

3月12日,一名支持伊朗政權的塞拉利昂裔美國公民在美國維珍尼亞州諾福克老道明大學槍擊校園,造成2死、2傷。槍手被學生「制伏」並被他們打死。[560][561]

古巴危機

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3月5日,川普在白宮接待邁阿密國際足球俱樂部時表示,美國將在結束對伊朗的軍事行動後,將目光轉向古巴[562]。此前,特朗普施壓古巴共產黨第一書記米格爾·迪亞斯-卡內爾「在為時已晚之前達成協議」[563]

3月13日,古巴共產黨第一書記迪亞斯-卡內爾在演講中證實了美國和古巴之間的會談。過去幾週川普多次表示,美國和古巴正在舉行高級別對話。[564]古巴外交部在3月12日晚間發布新聞稿宣布本著善意,古巴將在未來幾天釋放51名已服刑相當長一段時間及表現良好的政治犯,並提及古巴與梵蒂岡的密切關係。梵蒂岡先前曾多次促成或調解美國和古巴之間的談判。[564]

逮捕拍摄伊朗导弹袭击现场的人士

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2026年3月3日,以色列警方在特拉维夫拘留了两名土耳其籍 CNN 记者,他们当时正在以色列国防军基里亚军事总部外进行现场直播。直播过程中,两名以色列警察走近记者,抢走了记者的手机。以色列警方称,他们接到举报,称有两名嫌疑人携带摄像头,实时录像并传输到外国媒体频道。随后两名CNN记者被以色列警方拘留接受讯问。[565]3月4日,卡塔尔当局宣布已捣毁两个与伊朗革命卫队有关联的间谍小组和逮捕了10名嫌疑人,指出其中7名嫌疑人被指派执行间谍任务,收集有关该国“重要军事设施”的情报;另外3名嫌疑人则被指派执行破坏行动,并接受过无人机(UAV)使用方面的训练。当局还查获敏感设施的位置和坐标,以及通讯设备和技术器材[566][567]

伊朗女足事件

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伊朗國家女子足球隊澳洲黃金海岸於3月2日至3月5日出戰2026年亞足聯女子亞洲盃時拒絕在比賽前唱伊朗國歌。家人受到威脅後,她們被迫於3月5日賽前唱伊朗國歌。[568]伊朗官方媒體因此稱她們為“戰時叛徒”。[569]這支由26名成員組成的隊伍預計將在3月8日晚上參加完女子亞洲盃的最後一場比賽後返回伊朗,但伊朗僑民、體育官員和澳洲政界人士擔心,她們抵達伊朗後的安全可能會受到威脅。[570]3月9日,美國總統川普和以色列科學技術部長吉拉·加姆列爾英语Gila Gamliel發表聲明呼籲澳洲政府為他們提供庇護[571][572],川普更稱如果澳洲總理阿爾巴尼斯不庇護她們,美國會接收她們。[571]澳洲政府隨後給予7名伊朗女足正式庇護,但其中一人不久後要求返回伊朗。因暴露了申請庇護人的住址,澳洲政府緊急將其餘受庇護者轉移安全地點。

海外「潛伏小組」

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ABC新聞審查的一份聯邦警報顯示,美國情報部門截獲了據信來自伊朗的加密通訊,這些通訊可能成為境外「潛伏小組」的行動「觸發器」。該警報聲稱該加密通訊在哈梅內伊於2月28日在美以空襲中喪生後,便傳遍了多個國家。[573]

伊朗抵制世界杯

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伊朗体育部部长表示伊朗国家队不会参加2026年美加墨世界杯[574]

体育赛事修改赛历

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2026年3月3日,受到伊朗战争的影响,国际汽联世界耐力锦标赛宣布2026赛季的开幕战计划于3月26-28日举行的卡塔尔1812公里英语Qatar 1812 km将延后至10月举行,赛季的第一场比赛将改为于4月在意大利的伊莫拉举行。[575][576]

2026年3月15日,国际汽联世界一级方程式锦标赛宣布计划于4月举行的2026年赛季的第4站巴林大奖赛和第5站沙特阿拉伯大奖赛将不会举行。[577][578]

反應

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伊朗

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政府

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伊朗外交部宣佈將作出回應,同時伊朗方面已對整個波斯灣地區的美軍基地展開攻擊[579][239]。伊朗最高國家安全委員會指出,該國遭到美國與以色列發動的「殘暴空襲」,並批評事件再度發生於談判期間,指敵方誤以為憑藉此類「懦弱行徑」,即可迫使堅韌的伊朗民族向其卑劣要求低頭[580]。伊朗外交部长阿巴斯·阿拉格齐称事件“完全是无端挑衅、非法且不正当”[581]。一名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队将军宣布,伊朗有长期战斗的能力[582]。伊朗官员对特朗普试图干预伊朗政府继任计划的企图予以拒绝[583]。佩泽希齐扬表示,美国要求伊朗无条件投降的要求是“他们应该带进坟墓的幻想”[584]。佩泽希齐扬就袭击邻国一事道歉,表示伊朗将暂停袭击,直至邻国发动袭击为止,并将袭击归咎于“内部沟通不畅”[585][586]。该声明被指凸显内部分歧,佩泽希齐扬作为三方领导委员会的代表敦促通过外交手段解决问题,而准军事组织伊朗革命卫队则继续独立行动[587][588]

民众

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2026年3月3日,伊朗米纳卜女子小学空袭遇难者葬礼队伍

由于政府对信息传播的控制英语Censorship in Iran、再次实施的网络封锁以及战争的持续激烈,伊朗民众的反应难以全面了解[589]。《每日电讯报》和伊朗国际电视台发布伊朗境内民众庆祝袭击的视频,一些人表示希望事件能够削弱甚至推翻现任领导层[590][591]。包括《纽约时报》、路透社、半岛电视台和自由欧洲电台/自由电台在内的多家媒体发布了亲政府示威活动的照片。照片显示,示威者挥舞着伊朗国旗和阿里·哈梅内伊的画像,表达对美国和以色列空袭的反对[592][593][594][595]。哈梅内伊逝世的消息传出后,相关画面显示,为防止起义而部署的安全部队向街头庆祝者开枪[596][597][598]。画面还显示,安全部队向躲在窗户后高喊口号的示威者开枪[599]。平民也对美以空袭以及由此造成的平民伤亡表示恐惧、悲伤和愤怒[600][601][602]

侨民与反对派

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在美以空袭伊朗后,居住在海外的伊朗侨民纷纷表示支持伊朗政权更迭。许多伊朗侨民在世界各地举行庆祝集会,挥舞着包括狮子与太阳旗在内的反伊斯兰共和国的象征[603][604][605]。伊朗反对派领导人、前国王之子礼萨·巴列维支持以色列和美国,并表示如果伊斯兰共和国被推翻,他已准备好让他的过渡政府接管政权[606][607]。伊拉克境内的伊朗库尔德异见人士否认有任何袭击计划,但同时表示支持美国入侵伊朗[608]。3月7日,一位在伊拉克的伊朗库尔德领导人表示,对伊朗发动地面行动“极有可能”[609]

美国

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總統當勞·特朗普證實,美軍已在伊朗展開「重大戰鬥行動」[610],並形容這是一場「規模龐大且仍在進行中的行動」,目的是防止「這個極端邪惡、激進的獨裁政權威脅美國」[611]。他在真實社交發佈的影片中進一步指出,美方的目標是消除來自伊朗政權的迫切威脅,以保障美國人民安全,並形容該政權為「殘暴而危險的群體」。他又批評:「47年來,伊朗政權一直高喊『美國去死』,並發動無休止的流血與大規模殺戮行動,針對美國、我們的部隊以及許多國家的無辜民眾[612]」。特朗普表示,在哈梅内伊遇害后,与伊朗的谈判将更容易进行[613] 。在开战后的第三天,特朗普表示美军正在“狠狠打击伊朗,但更大的攻击浪潮尚未到来”,并提及可能动用地面部队[613]。专家认为,特朗普政府在中东的目标需要动用地面部队[614]。3月3日,特朗普在真實社交网站上发文称“他们的防空系统、空军、海军和领导层都完了。他们想谈判。我说,‘你们太晚了!’[615]”特朗普宣称取得了战争胜利,并表示他已在军事上击败伊朗[616]。特朗普还非正式地表达他对战后伊朗的设想,即伊朗新政权将像美国和委内瑞拉那样,在石油生产方面开展合作[617]。3月7日,特朗普将战争目标从敦促伊朗平民夺取政权转变为要求伊朗政权“无条件投降”,同时表示他将在后续决策中发挥作用[618]。2026年3月20日,特朗普在会见来访的日本首相高市早苗时被问及为何袭击伊朗前不先知会日欧等盟友时,他打趣地将奇袭伊朗比喻称日本奇袭珍珠港,目的在于出其不意[619]

公众意见

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民意调查显示,大部分美国人不支持美国对伊采取军事行动[620]。据《卫报》报道,27%的美国人支持美国的军事行动,43%的人反对,29%的人表示不确定[621]NBC的一项民调发现,52%的登记选民认为美国不应该采取军事行动,而41%的人支持[622]。大部分美国人认为特朗普至今仍未解释攻击伊朗背后的目标[623]。民调显示,在这一问题上,人们的政治立场和人口统计特征存在分歧。大部分共和党人支持这一行动,而大部分民主党人和独立人士则反对[620]。特朗普对民意调查结果表示不满,否认民意调查显示支持率低迷,并补充说“我不在乎民意调查”[624][625]军事宗教自由基金会英语Military Religious Freedom Foundation收到200多起来自美国军人的投诉,起因是军事指挥官援引极端基督教言论向士兵们证明参与伊朗战争的合理性[626]

政客

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美国国会一些重要成员呼吁就一项名为《战争权力法案》的战争权力决议进行投票,其旨在阻止特朗普对伊朗发动攻击[627]。另一些议员则声称该决议本可有效终止对伊朗的袭击[628]。美国众议院议长迈克·约翰逊称此次投票“危险”[623]。由于共和党方面的反对,该决议最终未能通过[629][630]。大部分众议院民主党人和两名共和党人支持该决议,认为军事行动超出总统发动战争的权限[631]。大部分共和党人和四名民主党人投票否决该决议,认为《战争权力法案》赋予总统发动有限武装冲突的权力[631]。众议员托马斯·马西和前众议员玛乔丽·泰勒·格林认为,特朗普发动战争是为了转移人们对爱泼斯坦恋童癖网络相关爆料的注意力[632]。参议院也否决一项类似的决议,投票结果基本按党派划分[633]

2026年3月17日,共和黨籍的美國國家反恐中心英语National Counterterrorism Center主任喬·肯特宣佈因與川普政府在對伊朗開戰問題上存在分歧而辭職。[634]川普則發佈肯特在2020年支持打擊伊朗的帖文作為回應。[635]

2026年3月18日,國家情報總監图尔茜·加巴德向國會聽證會作證時表示,美國情報界評估認為伊朗在戰前並未重建鈾濃縮設施。[636]

以色列

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内塔尼亚胡表示,此次打击的目标是“消除伊朗恐怖政权构成的生存威胁”,并称“我们的联合行动将为勇敢的伊朗人民创造条件,让他们掌握自己的命运”[637]。外交部长吉德翁·萨尔表示,尽管存在重大风险,但对伊朗采取军事行动迫在眉睫,并补充说“拖延将使伊朗政权的核计划获得豁免权,并开始大规模生产远程弹道导弹”[638]。科技部长吉拉·加姆列尔表示,2026年以色列议会选举可能会提前至6月下旬或7月举行,以便内塔尼亚胡阵营能够利用战争[639]。3月4日,国防部长伊斯雷尔·卡茨透露,以色列最初计划在2026年年中对伊朗发动打击[640]。3月5日,卡茨表示,内塔尼亚胡的目标是在2025年11月刺杀最高领袖哈梅内伊[641]

以色列民主研究所在2026年3月的调查发现,82%的以色列公众支持持续的军事行动,其中包括93%的犹太裔以色列人和26%的阿拉伯裔以色列人[642]

国际反应

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阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫于3月4日访问伊朗驻巴库大使馆,哀悼阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊逝世

据报道,欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩支持伊朗政权更迭[643][644]。北约秘书长马克·吕特表示,欧洲支持美国对伊朗的攻击,指伊朗是潜在威胁[645],他还表示美国“知道自己在做什么”[646]

上海合作组织发表声明,表达对伊朗局势严重关切,认为“使用武力不可接受”,“必须确保伊朗国家主权、安全和领土完整”,呼吁各方保持克制、停止冲突。[647][648]

世界各国对袭击事件反应不一,除了有数国政府支持袭击,也有包含部分歐美国家在內的政府对此次袭击表示反对和谴责,此外海灣國家、还有部分国家如日韓等國家因能源進出口受到衝擊,对此表达中立或表达模糊的担忧[649][650]。而俄羅斯则因受益於油價波動,对伊朗战争態度微妙[651][652]

进步国际组织谴责美以袭击[653]。美国、伊朗和以色列共产党发表联合声明,反对美以袭击伊朗[654]

2026年3月11日,联合国安理会通过由巴林提出的第2817号决议,呼吁伊朗停止对海湾国家的袭击,并谴责袭击违反国际法。该决议并未提及美国和以色列对伊朗和黎巴嫩的袭击[655][656]

分析

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美国国防部于2026年3月4日新闻发布会上使用的题为“史诗狂怒行动时间表——前100小时”的地图

美国法律下的合法性

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有法律和军事专家表示,美国在伊朗的行动需要国会授权,同时还了解到特朗普政府在有关空袭的声明中频繁使用“战争”一词,进一步佐证特朗普政府绕过国会战争权力的说法。鲁比奥表示,特朗普政府遵循《战争权力决议》,但对该决议是否具有法律约束力提出质疑[657]。自二战以来,美国国会从未正式宣布进入战争状态。多位美国总统和政府都曾在未经国会批准的情况下发动战争或军事行动,例如朝鲜战争越南战争[658]

国际法下的合法性

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根据国际法,美以对伊袭击被广泛认为属于非法,违反《联合国宪章》禁止使用武力的规定,不符合自卫的条件,且未经联合国安理会授权[659][660]。而预防性战争或武力政权更迭没有任何公认的法律依据[661],因此袭击被认为是侵略战争[662][663][664],属于最高级别的战争罪行[665][666]

联合国人权与反恐问题特别报告员本·索尔指出,伊朗尚未将铀浓缩到足以制造核装置的程度,专家一致认为伊朗没有核武器,而且这种情况远非针对迫在眉睫的攻击进行自卫[659]澳大利亚国立大学国际法教授唐·罗斯韦尔指出,联合国安理会没有通过攻击伊朗的决议,也没有任何法律依据可以为使用武力辩护[659]。《律师协会杂志》指出,美以在积极谈判期间打击伊朗,违反了《联合国宪章》第二条第二款规定的善意原则[667]

据《卫报》报道,根据国际法,伊朗有权在美以两国袭击伊朗后对美以军事目标进行反击,但伊朗对平民和非冲突当事国的袭击属于非法[660]

地缘政治影响

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有批评家和分析人士认为,美以袭击标志着特朗普政府更加公开地拥抱美帝国主义[668][669],被广泛认为是一场“选择之战”[670]

包括赫格塞斯在内的一些美国和以色列官员[671]从宗教角度为伊朗战争辩护[672][673]

英国广播公司报道称,霍尔木兹海峡的关闭和伊朗战争可能会削弱中国在依赖海湾国家石油的国家的利益[674]。一些分析人士认为,此次战争削弱了俄罗斯在该地区的影响力。而分析人士也指出,此次战争可能会分散美国在乌克兰战争中的注意力[675]

吉尔伯特·阿卡尔指出,美国正在实践一种现代化的炮舰外交体系[676]。戈凯和哈穆尔齐亚杜将对伊朗的袭击与美国长期以来干预该地区的模式联系起来,并将此次在谈判期间对伊朗的袭击与美国在西进运动中撕毁条约的历史联系起来[677]。赛义德·沙阿写道,许多南方国家并不认为战争具有美国及其许多盟友所宣称的道德目的,反而认为是外交的失败,是对弱小国家的侵略行为。国际关系专家表示,国际法的削弱使南方国家感到不安全,并更有可能支持反对美国利益的联盟[678]

华尔街日报》的一篇分析文章指出,以色列成功暗杀数名伊朗政府官员,导致伊朗政府领导层陷入混乱,巴斯基民兵官员也感到自身安全受到威胁。以色列认为,伊朗人民会借此机会推翻现政府,但这需要伊朗人民采取更多行动[679]

伊朗国际电视台的一篇分析文章指出,沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋可能正在为在打击伊朗的斗争中扮演更积极的角色做准备[680]

參見

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註釋

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  1. ^ 政府軍於其境內提供執法支援,協助逮捕效忠伊朗的什葉派真主黨武裝分子。[1]
  2. ^ 应美国请求战地支援,指导电战反制与火力对抗无人机。[2][3]
  3. ^ 當中2人為非戰鬥死亡[28][29][30]
  1. ^ 但允許石油輸出到與伊朗關係密切中國[112]
  2. ^ US–Israel War on Iran,[139][140][141]英語:U.S.-Israel War with Iran或英語:U.S.-Israeli War on Iran等,意为美国、以色列对伊朗发动的战争。
  3. ^ 2006年安理会在第一份决议中指出的问题特别是“铀浓缩[170] 和“后处理”[171];此外,在同年的第二份决议中还提到了伊朗使用或企图使用“重水”的问题[172]

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  43. ^ Health Ministry says 70 people hospitalized due to war in past 24 hours. 
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  45. ^ Exiled Kurd group says Iran conducted deadly strikes on fighters in Iraq. Al Arabiya English. 2026-03-04. 
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  269. ^ 269.0 269.1 US and Israel launch attack on Iran, as Trump says 'major combat operations' under way. BBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英国英语). 
  270. ^ Salem, Mostafa. One person killed in UAE after Iranian strikes. CNN. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  271. ^ 271.0 271.1 Dahir, Abdi Latif. Iran Hits Back Across the Mideast, Targeting U.S. Bases and Allies. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  272. ^ Drones Shot Down Over Erbil Near U.S. Consulate as Iran-Israel Conflict Expands to Iraqi Kurdistan. Kurdistan24. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  273. ^ Siddiqui, Usaid; Varshalomidze, Tamila; Mohamed, Edna; Marsi, Federica. US and Israel Attack Iran; Tehran Fires Back, Explosions Across Region. Al Jazeera English. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  274. ^ Watch: Scattered fires, damage seen across Israel as Iran retaliates. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  275. ^ Summers, Charlie; Fabian, Emanuel. Woman killed, dozens injured as Iranian missile strikes Tel Aviv residential block. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (美国英语). 
  276. ^ Mohamed, Edna; Marsi, Federica. US and Israel attack Iran; explosions heard in Israel. Al Jazeera English. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  277. ^ Mednick, Sam. Rescuers dig through rubble after deadly strike on Israeli synagogue. AP News. [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  278. ^ Jordan's military says it has downed two ballistic missiles targeting the country. Market Screener. Reuters. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  279. ^ Air defense systems intercepted two ballistic missiles targeting Jordanian territory — JAF. The Jordan Times. 2026-02-28 (英语). 
  280. ^ Update from Rawan Sheikh Ahmad. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  281. ^ 281.0 281.1 Iran latest: US launches 'major combat operations' against regime - as multiple Middle East cities struck during retaliation. Sky News. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  282. ^ 282.0 282.1 Mohamed, Edna; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid; Adler, Nils; Stepansky, Joseph; Pietromarchi, Virginia. US, Israel attack Iran live: Trump announces 'major combat operations'. Al Jazeera. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  283. ^ Blackburn, Gavin; Fisayo-Bambi, Jerry. Euronews journalists in Dubai report explosions and apparent missile strike on residential area. Euronews. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  284. ^ Nicastro, Andrea. Iran, le ultime notizie in diretta | Attacco di Usa e Israele: «Probabile che Khamenei sia morto». Teheran risponde: raffiche di missili su Israele e sulle basi Usa nel Golfo. Poi un sms: «Lasciate la capitale». Corriere della Sera. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (意大利语). 
  285. ^ Iranian Shahed-136 drone strike reported near Burj Khalifa, smoke plumes captured on video | Watch. Moneycontrol. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  286. ^ Paul, Rohit. Video Shows Iranian Shahed Drone Striking Dubai, Huge Explosion. NDTV. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  287. ^ Update from Ismaeel Naar. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  288. ^ El Masaiti, Amira. Dubai authorities say drone debris causes fire at Burj Al Arab Hotel. HESPRESS English. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (美国英语). 
  289. ^ Update from Aaron Boxerman. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  290. ^ US-sanctioned oil tanker hit off Oman coast. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  291. ^ Hand, Marcus. Ships avoid the Strait of Hormuz, tanker hit off Oman. SeatradeMaritime. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  292. ^ Vessel struck by unknown projectile northwest of UAE's Mina Saqr, maritime security agency reports. Reuters. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  293. ^ Nahost-Liveblog: ++ Mehrere Tote bei Raketeneinschlag in Israel ++ [Middle East Liveblog: ++ Several dead in rocket strike in Israel ++]. Tagesschau. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (德语). 
  294. ^ Bhandari, Isha. Iranian drone hits Crowne Plaza hotel in Bahrain's Manama. India TV. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  295. ^ Crowne Plaza in Bahrain confirms "incident" affected the hotel. CNN. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  296. ^ Live Updates: Iran Vows to Avenge Leader's Death as Strikes Continue. The New York Times. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  297. ^ One killed, 32 injured in Iranian attacks on Kuwait, health ministry says. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  298. ^ Iran names interim leaders as Israeli rescuers say nine killed in missile attack – live updates. BBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英国英语). 
  299. ^ Dey, Mrinmay; Rajan, Gnaneshwar. Ellis, Aurora , 编. Amazon's cloud unit reports fire after objects hit UAE data center. Reuters. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  300. ^ Saudi Arabia intercepts missile attacks on airport, military base. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  301. ^ UK says British fighter jet shot down Iranian drone heading toward Qatar. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  302. ^ Iran targets German bases in Jordan, Iraq. TASS. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  303. ^ Three tankers damaged in Gulf as US-Iran conflict escalates. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  304. ^ Six wounded in Iranian ballistic missile strike on West Jerusalem. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  305. ^ Syria Iran. HJ News. [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  306. ^ @CENTCOM. 🚫Iran’s IRGC claims to have struck USS Abraham Lincoln with ballistic missiles. LIE.
    ✅The Lincoln was not hit. The missiles launched didn’t even come close. The Lincoln continues to launch aircraft in support of CENTCOM’s relentless campaign to defend the American people by eliminating threats from the Iranian regime.
    . X. 2026-03-01 (美国英语).
     
  307. ^ Smoke Rises Over French Naval Base in Abu Dhabi After Iranian Strike. Yeshiva World News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  308. ^ 308.0 308.1 308.2 308.3 More strikes aimed at Iran after Khamenei's death, Trump issues new warning. Reuters. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  309. ^ Powerful explosions shake Tehran - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  310. ^ Ali Khamenei may be dead, but Donald Trump has unfinished business. The Economist. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  311. ^ Israeli airstrike hits Iranian jets on runway. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  312. ^ Tehran Revolutionary Court bombed, its building destroyed - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  313. ^ 313.0 313.1 313.2 313.3 انفجارهای متعدد در تهران یک روز بعد از کشته شدن خامنه‌ای. BBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  314. ^ Israel says it destroyed Iran internal security headquarters in Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  315. ^ Strikes on Tehran target parts of national radio and TV HQ - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  316. ^ Trump says 'a large amount' of Iran's leadership is gone. NBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  317. ^ 317.0 317.1 Kleinbaum, Yair. BREAKING: Hezbollah Officially Declared War on Israel. JFeed. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  318. ^ Kraus, Yair; Glikman, Eitan; Shashua, Itamar. Israel strikes southern Lebanon and Tehran as Hezbollah joins Iran war. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  319. ^ Update from Ephrat Livni. The New York Times. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  320. ^ Three U.S. F-15s Involved in Friendly Fire Incident in Kuwait; Pilots Safe. US CENTCOM. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  321. ^ Astonishing moment US pilot touches down in Kuwait desert unscathed after her F-15 jet shot down. metro.co.uk. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). 
  322. ^ https://x.com/i/status/2028511302683861388
  323. ^ RAF responding to suspected drone strike at UK base in Cyprus, MoD says. BBC News. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  324. ^ UK Cyprus base hit by drone. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  325. ^ Urgent: Explosions heard at Britain's air force base in Cyprus: British media. english.news.cn. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01). 
  326. ^ Further to the report that the UK's Akrotiri air force base in Cyprus has been hit by a drone. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. 
  327. ^ Smith, Helena. Authorities in Cyprus have confirmed the drone strike. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. 
  328. ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Fulton, Adam; Lowe (now), Yohannes; Fulton (earlier), Adam. US-Israel war on Iran live: explosions heard in Gulf cities and Jerusalem; evacuations in Beirut as conflict spreads to Lebanon. the Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  329. ^ Manieer, Pranay. Footage Shows Exact Moment Iran Intercepted And Shot Down American MQ-9 Drone. News18. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02). 
  330. ^ Paphos airport ‘evacuated’ – reports. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  331. ^ Sirens sound again at Akrotiri base as tensions remain high. knews. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  332. ^ RAF base in Cyprus hit by drone strike, Ministry of Defence says. Sky News. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05) (英语). 
  333. ^ Greece deploys frigates and F-16s to Cyprus amid rising security tensions. eKathimerini. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (English). 
  334. ^ Two Iranian missiles fired in direction of Cyprus: British defence secretary. Al Jazeera. [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  335. ^ Iran launched missiles at Cyprus, threatening thousands of British troops stationed there. The Jerusalem Post. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  336. ^ Maddox, David. Iran missiles fired towards UK military bases in Cyprus, defence minister says. The Independent. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  337. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Sabah, Zaid. US, Israel attack Iran live: Trump vows to avenge 3 American soldiers. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-02 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  338. ^ Iranian attack sets off fire near Bahrain's Mina Salman Port. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  339. ^ Cyprus Closes Larnaca Airspace After Suspicious Object Detected Greek City Times. Greek City Times. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英国英语). 
  340. ^ Cyprus' Larnaca closes airspace due to suspicious object. breakingthenews.net. [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  341. ^ Govt insists Cypriot airspace is open. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  342. ^ Britain sends helicopters with counter-drone tech to Cyprus, deploys naval vessel. Reuters. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  343. ^ Ravid, Barak. Hezbollah launches missiles at Israel from Lebanon, Israeli military says. Axios. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  344. ^ The Israeli military is saying projectiles have been launched from Lebanon and sirens are sounding in several areas in northern Israel as a result.. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  345. ^ Rockets launched from Lebanon for first time in months, setting off sirens across northern Israel. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (美国英语). 
  346. ^ Glikman, Eitan; Kraus, Yair. IDF: Rocket intercepted from Lebanon, several landed in open areas; drone intrusion alerts. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  347. ^ Hezbollah claims responsibility for attack on Israel. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  348. ^ 以军地面部队进入黎巴嫩. 资讯_凤凰网. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (中文). 
  349. ^ War spirals in Middle East as explosions heard across region. CNN. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  350. ^ Tawil, Fadi; Bassem, Mroue. Lebanon's leaders turn on Hezbollah as airstrikes hit Beirut and thousands seek shelter. AP News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  351. ^ Israel strikes Iran leadership compound in central Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  352. ^ McShane, Asher. Israel launches ground invasion of Lebanon and Trump warns 'hardest hits were yet to come'. LBC. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  353. ^ Israel orders troops to seize new positions in Lebanon. France 24. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  354. ^ Ozberk, Tayfun. US Strikes Destroy Iran's Main Naval Assets. Naval News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03] (美国英语). 
  355. ^ Trevithick, Joseph; Rogoway, Tyler. Iran's Key Naval Base On Strait Of Hormuz Set Ablaze From Strikes. The War Zone. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03] (美国英语). 
  356. ^ UNESCO shares concerns over protection of cultural heritage sites. euronews. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  357. ^ CGTN. Iranian media: American-Israeli forces attacked the Assembly of Experts office building in Qom a few minutes ago.. news.cgtn.com. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  358. ^ Hezbollah says it shot down Israeli drone above Nabatieh. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  359. ^ Series of loud explosions rock Qatar's capital. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  360. ^ Explosions heard over Doha. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  361. ^ Explosions reported in Israel and Cyprus. Cedar News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (美国英语). 
  362. ^ Blackshaw, Ethan; Nunes, Eliana. 'Explosion' rocks holiday hotspot after flights cancelled in drone attack chaos. The Mirror. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  363. ^ Κύπρος: Συναγερμός στη Λάρνακα μετά από αναφορές για ισχυρή έκρηξη στην περιοχή της βρετανικής βάσης της Δεκέλειας [Cyprus, Alarm in Larnaca after reports of a powerful explosion in the area of the British base in Dhekelia]. Difernews. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03] (Greek). 
  364. ^ Al Amir, Khitam. UAE air defences intercept Iranian ballistic missiles. Gulf News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04). 
  365. ^ Fulton, Adam; Campbell, Lucy; Lawther, Fran; Ambrose, Tom; Lowe, Yohannes. Middle East crisis live: Israel launches further attacks on Iran and Beirut as US urges citizens to evacuate region. the Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  366. ^ US embassy in Riyadh hit by drones, Saudi defence ministry says. 2026. 
  367. ^ Hansler, Jennifer. Trump warns Iran about larger strikes as US urges Americans to depart region. CNN News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  368. ^ Israeli police say one injured by missile shrapnel in Tel Aviv. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03. 
  369. ^ null. Update from Yan Zhuang. The New York Times. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  370. ^ Qatar Says Thwarted Iran Attacks on Hamad International Airport. english.aawsat.com. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  371. ^ Watch: Drone targets UAE oil facility. Sky News. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  372. ^ Fire in the west of Tehran, city shrouded in smoke after the attack.. Haberler.com. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  373. ^ Live updates: US struggles to evacuate Americans from Middle East as its assets come under fire. CNN. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  374. ^ Live - 2,000 targets struck, 17 Iranian ships sunk in Operation Epic Fury - CENTCOM. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  375. ^ Diorio, Julia. Trump says Navy will escort ships through Strait of Hormuz 'if necessary' (News). CNN. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  376. ^ Israel's F-35 shoots down Iranian Yak-130 jet over Tehran. News.az. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  377. ^ Israeli Air Force F-35 shoots down Russian-made Iranian jet over Tehran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (美国英语). 
  378. ^ Israel F-35 downs Iranian YAK-130 in first dogfight of war. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  379. ^ Israel says it hits security headquarters across Tehran, as Iran attacks US sites in Dubai and Qatar. BBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英国英语). 
  380. ^ Hafezi, Parisa. Mojtaba Khamenei, seen as possible next Supreme Leader, has survived attacks on Iran, sources say. Reuters. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  381. ^ Drone downed near Baghdad airport as Iraq attacked by Iran. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  382. ^ Lenin. 11-Year-Old Child Dies; Four Family Members Undergoing Medical Evaluation After Shrapnel Incident. Times Kuwait. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (美国英语). 
  383. ^ Qatar says Al Udeid Air Base hit by ballistic missile. ABC News. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
  384. ^ Saudi Aramco's Ras Tanura struck again by unknown projectile, four sources say. Reuters. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  385. ^ Missile strike destroys 12,000-seat indoor arena at Tehran’s Azadi complex. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  386. ^ AFP. Sri Lanka rescues 32 sailors from sunk Iranian warship. The Hindu. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. ISSN 0971-751X (印度英语). 
  387. ^ Rana, Javaria. Sri Lanka responds to distress call from Iranian warship returning from Vizag Fleet Review. The New Indian Express. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05) (英语). 
  388. ^ Sri Lanka sends jets over Iran naval ship's distress call, denies 'submarine attack' reports. Hindustan Times. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  389. ^ 32 Iranians rescued from warship "IRIS Dena" admitted to Karapitiya Hospital. Ada Derana. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  390. ^ Thousands of Kurdish fighters launch ground offensive into Iran against regime, official says. i24 News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  391. ^ Stein, Amichai; Kweller, Idan. Hundreds of Kurdish fighters launch ground offensive in Iran. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  392. ^ Rojhilat'ta "kara harekatı" iddiası: Kürt güçlerinden yalanlama. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05].  已忽略未知参数|lang=(建议使用|language=) (帮助)
  393. ^ 393.0 393.1 393.2 393.3 Ravid, Barak; Caputo, Marc. Kurds backed by Mossad, CIA could lead next phase of war in Iran. Axios. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. 
  394. ^ Abdul-zahra, Qassim; Martany, Stella; Yahya, Rashid. Kurdish dissident groups say they are preparing to join the fight against Iran with US support. Halifax City News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05]. 
  395. ^ PJAK'tan halka çağrı: Derhal kendi yerel yönetim komitelerinizi kurun. ANF News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05].  已忽略未知参数|lang=(建议使用|language=) (帮助)
  396. ^ Trump backs Kurdish offensive in Iran: ‘I’d be all for it’. www.thehill.com. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  397. ^ Ali, Taz; Fulton, Adam; Ali (now), Taz; Fulton (earlier), Adam. Middle East crisis live: Israel launches fresh strikes on Tehran; Iran claims to have targeted Kurdish groups in Iraq. the Guardian. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  398. ^ Missiles, drones coming from Iran fell on airport in Azerbaijan, source says. Reuters. 2026-03-05. 
  399. ^ Azerbaijan MFA: Iran carried out drone attack on Nakhchivan, two civilians injured. Apa.az. [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  400. ^ Live - Azerbaijan summons Iran ambassador after strike injures two in Nakhchivan. Iran International. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  401. ^ Grove, Thomas. Azerbaijan Promises Response to Iran Drone Attack. The Wall Street Journal. [2026-03-05] (美国英语). 
  402. ^ Iranian drones hit Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Airport, four casualties reported [VIDEO/UPDATED]. Azernews. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  403. ^ President Aliyev: Iranian officials must provide an explanation to the Azerbaijani side, and an apology must be offered. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06). 
  404. ^ Iran Missile Launches Are Down 86%, Centcom Says. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
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  406. ^ 伊朗稱用無人機擊中林肯號航母 據報美軍調撥資源以長期支援戰事 - RTHK. news.rthk.hk. [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (中文(臺灣)). 
  407. ^ (影) 二戰以來首次! 美潛艇擊沉伊無人機航母畫面曝光 已逾20伊艦艇被毀. Yahoo News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06] (中文(臺灣)). 
  408. ^ 伊朗又一艘「最先進戰艦」被美國擊沉!外媒曝防空飛彈沒效用:伊朗海軍成了歷史. Yahoo News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (中文(臺灣)). 
  409. ^ Sri Lanka Takes Control of Iranian Ship Iris Bushehr and 208 Crew. News First. [2026-03-06] (英语). 
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  411. ^ Israeli, US strikes hit IRGC intelligence site in Lorestan. Iran International. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-06] (英语). 
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  413. ^ Broad wave of strikes begins in Tehran, Isfahan, IDF says. Iran International. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
  414. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. Israeli Air Force destroys Khamenei’s underground bunker in Tehran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-06. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  415. ^ Operation Epic Fury: Is US Deploying 3rd Carrier, USS George H.W. Bush (CVN‑77), To The Middle East Amid Iran War? Here's All We Know. Free Press Journal. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  416. ^ Shelbourne, Mallory. USS Gerald R. Ford Now in the Red Sea, USS George H.W. Bush Wraps Pre-Deployment Exercises. USNI News. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (美国英语). 
  417. ^ US said expected to deploy 3rd aircraft carrier to the Middle East. Azerbaijani Press Agency. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  418. ^ Drone attack on foreign oil compound in Iraq's Basra sets Halliburton and KBR facilities ablaze. Philenews. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (美国英语). 
  419. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. IDF says it destroyed 16 aircraft used by Revolutionary Guard's Quds Force in Tehran airport strikes. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (美国英语). 
  420. ^ Live updates: Huge explosions rock Tehran airport as Trump demands Iran's 'unconditional surrender'. BBC News. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英国英语). 
  421. ^ Som, Vishnu. Iran's Ballistic Missiles Could Be Under 1,000, Drone Attacks Tapering: Ian Bremmer To NDTV. NDTV. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  422. ^ US, Israeli strikes hit Iranian oil depots for first time since war began. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
  423. ^ 'Hit them Bibi': Iranian eyewitness cheers airstrikes in Bushehr. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  424. ^ 霍爾木茲海峽:伊朗「鎖喉」的可能方式及後續影響. BBC News 中文. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-20] (中文(繁體)). 
  425. ^ 伊朗打出封鎖海峽「底牌」,代價幾何? 日經中文網. zh.cn.nikkei.com. [2026-03-20]. 
  426. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  427. ^ Pezeshkian grilled after apologizing for ‘fire at will’ strikes on neighbors. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-07. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  428. ^ Iranian drone attack suspends flights at Dubai International airport. euronews. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
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  432. ^ AFP. IRGC says it attacked US base in Bahrain, claims it was used to strike desalination plant in Iran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08]. ISSN 0040-7909 (美国英语). 
  433. ^ Trump administration denies reports that Iran captured US soldiers. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  434. ^ https://x.com/modgovae/status/2030625055320035752
  435. ^ UAE intercepts 1,342 UAVs, 221 ballistic missiles, 8 cruise missiles from Iran amid West Asia conflict. The Economic Times. 2026-03-08 (英语). 
  436. ^ US military says Iran uses populated areas to launch drone, missile attacks. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  437. ^ IDF confirms killing supreme leader’s military secretary based on ‘real-time emerging intel’. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  438. ^ Iran chooses new supreme leader, name not revealed. Yahoo News. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  439. ^ At least 32 injured in Bahrain after drone attack - state media. BBC News. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英国英语). 
  440. ^ Live updates: Mojtaba Khamenei has been chosen as Iran's new supreme leader. AP News. [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  441. ^ NATO intercepts second Iranian ballistic missile fired toward Turkey. The Straits Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. ISSN 0585-3923. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  442. ^ NATO Intercepts Iranian Ballistic Missile in Turkish Airspace, Türkiye's Defense Ministry Says. Kurdistan24. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  443. ^ The Revolutionary Guard: We targeted the US military headquarters at Harir base in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. MTV Lebanon. [2026-03-10] (英语). 
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  447. ^ Iran deputy intelligence minister killed in strikes on Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-12 [2026-03-12] (英语). 
  448. ^ Airstrike hits PMF headquarters in Iraq’s Al-Qaim. Shafaq News. [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  449. ^ Israeli drones targeted checkpoints in Tehran - IRGC-affiliated Fars News. Iran International. [2026-03-12] (英语). 
  450. ^ French soldier killed and several wounded in attack in Iraq's Kurdistan region, confirms Macron. Le Monde. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. 
  451. ^ All 6 US crew members killed in Iraq plane crash. CNN. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
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  454. ^ Nato shoots down Iranian missile as explosions heard at Turkish air base. The Independent. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  455. ^ Five Air Force Refueling Planes Hit in Iranian Strike on Saudi Arabia. The Wall Street Journal. [2026-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-16) (美国英语). 
  456. ^ Trump says four Air Force refueling planes are ‘back in service’ after damage from Iranian strike in Saudi Arabia. The Independent. [2026-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (美国英语). 
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  459. ^ Hezbollah shells hit Syrian army positions near Serghaya. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (美国英语). 
  460. ^ Israeli army intercepts Iranian drone over southern Syria: Report. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10]. 
  461. ^ Urgent Israeli warning for residents of southern suburbs of Beirut: Evacuate immediately. LBCIV7. [2026-03-10] (英语). 
  462. ^ Iran threatens to retaliate against neighbors; Trump urges countries to assist in securing Strait of Hormuz. CNBR. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  463. ^ US strikes more than 90 Iranian military targets on Kharg Island, CENTCOM says. Reuters. 2026-03-14. 
  464. ^ Trump urges ‘team effort’ from allies to keep oil flowing through Strait of Hormuz. New York Post. [2026-03-14] (英语). 
  465. ^ Any country except for US and Israel can pass through Strait of Hormuz, Iranian Foreign Minister says. Kyiv Post. [2026-03-14] (英语). 
  466. ^ After France, UK denies Trump’s call to join Hormuz naval coalition. WION. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
  467. ^ Germany’s defense minister rebuffs Trump’s Strait of Hormuz request: ‘This is not our war’. The Hill. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
  468. ^ Trump demands others help secure strait of hormuz, Japan and Australia say no plans to send ships. Finance. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
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  480. ^ US F-35 damaged by suspected Iranian fire makes emergency landing, sources say. CNN. 
  481. ^ سپاه: جنگنده F35 ارتش آمریکا در آسمان مرکزی ایران مورد اصابت قرار گرفت. IRNA. 
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  486. ^ Security commander of Iraq's Kataeb Hezbollah said killed in airstrike. The Times of Israel. 16 March 2026 [17 March 2026]. 
  487. ^ Iran confirms security chief Larijani, Basij commander Soleimani killed. Al Jazeera. 17 March 2026 [17 March 2026]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2026). 
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  490. ^ Breaking – Iran’s security apparatus collapses: Azim Esmaili killed, reports of Radan’s assassination. Voice of Emirates. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21]. 
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  495. ^ 世界新聞網. 兩棲攻擊艦拳師號領軍 美增派2500陸戰隊員赴中東. 世界新聞網. [2026-03-20] (中文(臺灣)). 
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  497. ^ Iran says US and Israel attacked Natanz nuclear facility. Al Jazeera. 21 March 2026 [21 March 2026] (英语). 
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  499. ^ Foreign secretary denounces 'reckless Iran threats' after missiles fired at Diego Garcia. BBC News. 2026-03-22. 
  500. ^ Iran Targeted Diego Garcia Base With Ballistic Missiles. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-21. 
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  503. ^ Iranian strike on Dimona likely targeted Israeli nuclear facility. BBC News. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21] (英国英语). 
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  505. ^ Iran strikes towns near Israel’s nuclear site, wounds over. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  506. ^ IDF strikes regime in Tehran after Zamir approves new wave of strikes in 'all theaters of war'. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  507. ^ All seven on board Qatar military helicopter killed in crash. Al jazeera. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
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  510. ^ Trump threatens to ‘obliterate’ Iran’s power plants if Strait of Hormuz not opened in 48 hours. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21] (英语). 
  511. ^ Iran says it will strike US, Israeli energy sites if infrastructure is attacked. FOX News. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  512. ^ IDF strikes several targets in Tehran, including intelligence headquarters. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-22 (英语). 
  513. ^ One killed in North, 15 wounded in Tel Aviv area in Iranian, Hezbollah barrage. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-22 (英语). 
  514. ^ Stock markets swing and oil prices fall after Trump postpones strikes on Iran power plants. The Guardian. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  515. ^ Trump claims ‘productive’ talks with Iran but Tehran denies contact. The Guardian. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  516. ^ ‘Unprecedented’: Israel, US carry out extensive strikes across Iran. AI Jazeera. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  517. ^ Trump says he's postponing power plant strikes after US-Iran talks - but Tehran denies talks took place. BBC News. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  518. ^ CNBC says Trump sees Iran talks as ‘regime change’. Iran International. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  519. ^ Lebanon withdraws accreditation of Iran's ambassador and orders him to leave country. ABC News. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  520. ^ Israel and Iran continue to strike each other after US says plans for talks with Tehran remain 'fluid'. BBC News. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  521. ^ 4 people lightly hurt, buildings mangled as Iranian missile attack hits Tel Aviv. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  522. ^ Iran media says energy infrastructure attacked. The Jordan Times. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
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  524. ^ Israel Begins Attacks on Iran, Explosions Reported in Tehran Amid Preemptive Strike Declaration. Kurdistan24. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
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  526. ^ US and Israel launch attack on Iran, as Trump says 'major combat operations' under way - follow live. BBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英国英语). 
  527. ^ Confirmed: Network data show #Iran is now in the midst of a near-total internet blackout with national connectivity at 4% of ordinary levels. Mastodon (NetBlocks). [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
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  529. ^ Iran’s skies empty after strikes as regional states close airspace. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  530. ^ تیراندازی و جولان سرکوبگران در سبزوار؛ شادی مردم پس از انتشار خبر مرگ علی خامنه‌ای. ایندیپندنت فارسی. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  531. ^ 美以袭击致近千人伤亡 伊朗宣布关闭霍尔木兹海峡. 新华网. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. 
  532. ^ 日本放送協会. 「ホルムズ海峡は“事実上”閉鎖された」イランメディアが報道. NHKニュース. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (日语). 
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  534. ^ 国际能源署成员国同意释放4亿桶石油储备. 日经中文网. 2026-03-11 [2026-03-12]. 
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  540. ^ Gulf carriers resume limited flights, but missile fire fuels uncertainty. The Straits Times. 2026-03-06. ISSN 0585-3923. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  541. ^ UAE halts stock markets for two days after Iran strikes. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  542. ^ 快訊/道瓊崩跌破千點!美股血流成河 台積電ADR狂瀉5%. ETtoday新聞雲. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (中文(臺灣)). 
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  545. ^ Evidence suggests the deadly blast at an Iranian school was likely a US airstrike. AP News. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  546. ^ Analysis suggests US behind school strike that killed at least 165: Report. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-04. 
  547. ^ Trew, Bel. Iran-US war latest: Trump rejects settling conflict as Israel bombs Tehran oil facilities. The Independent. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  548. ^ US responsible for deadly missile strike on Iran school, preliminary inquiry says. The Guardian. 2026-03-11 (英语). 
  549. ^ 朴丽娜. 伊朗65所学校遭袭. 中国新闻网. [2026-03-08]. 
  550. ^ The Trump Administration's Reckless War in Iran Has Already Cost More Than $5 Billion. Center for American Progress. 3 March 2026 [9 March 2026] (英语). 
  551. ^ Foreman, Tom. Breaking down the cost of war against Iran. CNN (Video). 7 March 2026 [9 March 2026] (英语). 
  552. ^ The war on Iran cost the US $12.7bn by day six. Here's how it's been spent – in charts. The Guardian. 19 March 2026 [19 March 2026] (英语). 
  553. ^ Schermele, Cybele Mayes-Osterman and Zachary. How much is the Iran war costing taxpayers? Here's what estimates show. USA TODAY. 11 March 2026 [21 March 2026] (美国英语). 
  554. ^ At Least 17 U.S. Sites Damaged in War With Iran, Analysis Shows. The New York Times. 11 March 2026 [11 March 2026] (英语). 
  555. ^ Nine Killed in Pro-Iran Protests at US Consulate in Pakistan. Bloomberg. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  556. ^ 12 killed in Karachi: US Marine guards fire on pro-Khamenei mob outside American Consulate. Business Today. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01). 
  557. ^ 林韋慈. 快新聞/哈米尼遭擊斃!巴格達爆反美示威 美大使館外催淚瓦斯瀰漫. 民視. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. 
  558. ^ 韓學敏. 哈梅內伊之死引爆反美示威 巴基斯坦卡拉奇警民衝突9死. 香港01. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. 
  559. ^ Victims identified in Austin mass shooting that officials say may have been motivated by Iran strikes. CNN. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  560. ^ ROTC students at Old Dominion University subdued and killed shooter who left 1 dead, 2 hurt. Associated Press. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  561. ^ Army Officer Killed in University Attack That Is Being Investigated as Terrorism. The New YorkTimes. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-12] (英语). 
  562. ^ Politics Trump hints U.S. will turn to Cuba after Iran: ‘Just a question of time’. CNBC. [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
  563. ^ de Córdoba, José. 美国正积极寻求在年底前实现古巴政权更迭. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-01-22 [2026-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2026-01-31). 
  564. ^ 564.0 564.1 Cuba's President Miguel Díaz-Canel confirms talks with the U.S.. NBC News. [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  565. ^ Summers, Charlie. Two Turkish CNN journalists arrested while broadcasting live outside IDF headquarters. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-07]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (美国英语). 
  566. ^ Qatar says it dismantled two cells linked to Iran’s IRGC. www.aa.com.tr. 2026-03-04 (英语). 
  567. ^ Qatar State Security announces the arrest of two cells affiliated with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. The Peninsula. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 
  568. ^ Cuadrado, Patrick Sung; Macfarlane, Christina. Iranian women’s soccer team forced to sing national anthem ahead of Asian Cup match, sources tell CNN. CNN. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  569. ^ Five Iranian women’s soccer players safe with police after fleeing team as supporters plead for action in Australia. The New York Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  570. ^ Australia Urged to Protect Members of the Iranian Women’s Soccer Team. The New York Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  571. ^ 571.0 571.1 Trump Offers Asylum to Iranian Women’s Soccer Team. Newsweek. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  572. ^ Israel urges Australia to grant asylum to Iranian soccer players after anthem protest. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  573. ^ Iran may be activating sleeper cells outside the country, alert says. ABC News. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  574. ^ 怕球員有危險!伊朗宣布抵制「美加墨世界盃」 2國有機會遞補. 
  575. ^ WEC 2026 Calendar: discover the complete agenda for the 8 rounds of Endurance.AutoHebdoF1.2026-03-14.[2026-03-15].
  576. ^ Qatar 1812km postponed, season to start at Imola页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).WEC.2026-03-03.[2026-03-15].
  577. ^ Bahrain and Saudi Arabian Grands Prix will not take place in April页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).Formula 1.2026-03-15.[2026-03-15].
  578. ^ F1 cancels Bahrain & Saudi Arabia Grands Prix页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).BBC F1.2026-03-15.[2026-03-16].
  579. ^ Iran decries attacks, vows response as it appeals to Security Council. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  580. ^ Marsi, Edna Mohamed,Federica. US AND ISRAEL ATTACK IRAN; TEHRAN FIRES BACK, EXPLOSIONS ACROSS REGION. Al Jazeera. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  581. ^ Khalil, Hafsa; Gritten, David. What we know about the joint US-Israel attack on Iran. BBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英国英语). 
  582. ^ Iran live updates: Trump offers immunity or 'guaranteed death' to Iranian forces. ABC News. [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  583. ^ Iran's future will be determined by Iranians, not Trump, officials say. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). Iranian officials have rejected Donald Trump's push to be involved in the selection of the country's next leader, insisting that only Iranians can decide the future of their country. 
  584. ^ Iran President Pezeshkian apologises to neighbours for attacks, tells Trump to take 'Tehran surrender dream to grave. The Indian Express. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  585. ^ Iran President Pezeshkian apologises to neighbours for attacks, tells Trump to take 'Tehran surrender dream to grave. The Indian Express. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08). 
  586. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  587. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  588. ^ Iran's president apologizes for strikes on neighbors even as missiles and drones target their cities. Associated Press. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). The message, seemingly filmed in a hurry, underlined the limited powers exercised by the theocracy's leaders over the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard. It answered only to Khamenei and now appears to be picking its own targets. 
  589. ^ Kwong, Emily. How some Iranians reacted to attacks on their country. NPR. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  590. ^ Madadi, Afshin. Iranians cheer US strikes in street. The Daily Telegraph. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  591. ^ مردم فریاد «مرگ بر خامنه‌ای» سر دادند. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (波斯语). 
  592. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Pager, Tyler; Fassihi, Farnaz; Bergman, Ronen. Iran Live Updates: Trump Calls for Overthrow of Tehran's Government After Strikes. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  593. ^ Gas Lines, Protests, And Heavy Traffic In Tehran After US And Israeli Strikes. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  594. ^ Photos: Anti-US protest in Tehran. Al Jazeera. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  595. ^ Streets empty and shops close as US strikes confirm Iranian fears. France24. [2026-02-28]. 
  596. ^ Sinaiee, Maryam. Iranians react with joy and disbelief to Khamenei's death. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  597. ^ حضور نیروهای یگان ویژه در جنت‌آباد تهران [The presence of special forces in Jannat Abad, Tehran]. Iran International. 2026-02-28. 
  598. ^ تیراندازی و جولان سرکوبگران در سبزوار؛ شادی مردم پس از انتشار خبر مرگ علی خامنه‌ای. Independent Persian. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  599. ^ Security forces shoot at people chanting behind windows. Iran International. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09). 
  600. ^ Sayah, Reza. Witnesses Describe Horror Scene After "Double-Tap" Bombing Kills Over 20 at Popular Tehran Square. Drop Site News. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 'The worst thing that can happen in your life is this. You're sitting here in peace, relaxing for an hour, and something like this destroys your whole life,' said Shahin, who survived the attack on Cafe Ahla. 'You tried to hit the police and you killed average people. If this is how you want to kill, then kill us all. Every night we are seeing killings. We can't sleep at night because we're worried something will happen to our kids.' 
  601. ^ Aslan, Mahmoud. "Small Children Who Knew Nothing of Politics or Wars". Drop Site News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 'I cannot understand how a place where innocent children learn can be bombed like this,' Shariatmadar told Drop Site. 'We are talking about small children who knew nothing of politics or wars. And yet they are the ones paying the highest price.' 
  602. ^ Aslan, Mahmoud. After a Sports Hall in Iran Was Bombed, Witnesses Describe Chaos and "Continuous Screaming". Drop Site News. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 'When I got close to the place where they were bringing out the victims, I felt a heaviness in my chest. Every body that was lifted carried the mark of pain, and the rescue effort was trying to distinguish between those who could still be saved and those whose lives had ended,' he said. 'There were voices from every direction, everyone was trying to understand what had happened. In that moment, everything inside me was silent, and I was waiting for them to tell me about my daughter Elahe.' Elahe's body was eventually brought out. 'My daughter's body was completely destroyed. It appears she was directly hit by the strike. The lower part of her body was completely destroyed,' Za'eri said. 'How can a father describe what he feels when he sees his child like this? All my memories of her, her laugh, her training, her dreams, collapsed before my eyes in a single moment.' 
  603. ^ Petz, Sarah. Rallies calling for a regime change in Iran are being held around the world. CBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  604. ^ Iranians at The Hague celebrate US, Israeli air strikes. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  605. ^ 'War is no good, but I'm happy': Iranian diaspora jubilant as regime attacked, see difficult days ahead. The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0040-7909 (美国英语). 
  606. ^ Inside an exiled prince's plan for regime change in Iran. Politico. 2026-01-13 [2026-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-13) (英国英语). 
  607. ^ Rise Iran!. Iran Prosperity Project: Economic Vision for Free Iran. Iran Prosperity Project. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  608. ^ Kurdish Iranian dissidents in Iraq deny attack plans but say they would join a US invasion of Iran. Associated Press. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  609. ^ Iranian Kurd leader in Iraq says ground operation into Iran 'highly likely'. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09). 
  610. ^ Pager, Tyler. Update from Tyler Pager. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  611. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Britzky, Haley; Yosef, Eugenia; Shalev, Tal; Liebermann, Oren. Trump says military campaign is "massive and ongoing". CNN. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  612. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Britzky, Haley; Yosef, Eugenia; Shalev, Tal; Liebermann, Oren. Trump confirms in video message that military campaign in Iran has begun. CNN. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  613. ^ 613.0 613.1 Live – Israel and US launch strikes on Iran as Tehran prepares retaliation. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  614. ^ Woodward, Alex. Trump won't rule out boots on the ground in Iran. Middle East experts say he's 'grasping at straws'. the Independent. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). Trump's mission to target both Iran's missile program and Iran proxies in Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Syria and elsewhere would necessarily require troops on the ground, experts say. 
  615. ^ Detsch, Jack; Gould, Joe; Stokols, Eli; Sakellariadis, John. Pentagon offers no evidence to support claim it attacked Iran in defense. Politico. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03). 
  616. ^ As Iran retaliates, largest US military base in Middle East hit by ballistic missile, Qatar says. ABC News. [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  617. ^ Trump has privately shown serious interest in U.S. ground troops in Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  618. ^ Vera Bergengruen; Alex Leary. Trump Is Rewriting the Iran Endgame in Real Time. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (美国英语). 
  619. ^ 中央通訊社. 美日峰會川普引珍珠港事件開玩笑 高市早苗滿臉尷尬[影] | 國際. 中央社 CNA. 2026-03-20 [2026-03-21] (中文(臺灣)). 
  620. ^ 620.0 620.1 Guskin, Emily; Schreier, Elizabeth. Most Americans do not support latest Iran strikes, 3 polls find. ABC News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  621. ^ Fulton, Adam; Dunbar, Marina; Richards, Serena; Lowe, Yohannes; Vernon, Hayden; Ratcliffe, Rebecca. Trump warns there could be more casualties after service members killed – as it happened. the Guardian. 2026-03-02. 
  622. ^ Poll: Majority of voters disapprove of how Trump has handled Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  623. ^ 623.0 623.1 Reals, Tucker; Baldwin, Sarah Lynch. Live Updates: Trump defends war with Iran as conflict widens, military names first service members who were killed. CBS News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  624. ^ Manchester, Julia. Trump: 'I don't care about polling' showing Iran strikes unpopular. The Hill. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  625. ^ Lee, Chantelle; Jeyaretnam, Miranda. Most Americans Disapprove of War With Iran, Polls Show. TIME. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  626. ^ Braun, Sara. US troops were told war on Iran was 'all part of God's divine plan', watchdog alleges. The Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. 
  627. ^ 6 U.S. service members killed since start of war. NBC News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  628. ^ Mascaro, Lisa. Members of Congress demand swift vote on war powers resolution after Trump orders Iran strike without congressional approval. PBS News. Associated Press. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (美国英语). 
  629. ^ Schermele, Zachary. Senate fails to block US involvement in Iran war. USA TODAY. 
  630. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene; Fassihi, Farnaz; Boxerman, Aaron; Jakes, Lara. Iran Live Updates: U.S. Says Strikes Are Accelerating, GOP in Senate Blocks Trump War Powers Limits. The New York Times. 2026-03-04. 
  631. ^ 631.0 631.1 Lillis, Mike. House Republicans sink effort to rein in Trump's attacks on Iran. The Hill. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). 
  632. ^ Trump's critics say attacking Iran 'won't make the Epstein files go away'. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04). 
  633. ^ Wong, Scott; Thorp, Frank. Senate blocks resolution that would have restricted Trump's war in Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  634. ^ 成依華. 伊朗戰爭|美國國家反恐中心主任宣告辭職:無法昧着良心支持. 香港01. 17 March 2026. 
  635. ^ Trump reposts Joe Kent’s 2020 tweet arguing in favor of military action in Iran. 18 March 2026. 
  636. ^ US intel chief Gabbard says Iran was not rebuilding enrichment prior to war. Al Jazeera. 18 March 2026. 
  637. ^ Estrin, Daniel. U.S. and Israel strike Iran in operation 'Epic Fury.' Trump calls for regime overthrow. NPR. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 
  638. ^ Update from Johnatan Reiss. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  639. ^ Likud Minister Says Israeli Elections to Be Moved Up to July for Netanyahu Bloc to Capitalize on Iran War. Haaretz. 2026-03-03. One Likud source said that the PM would want to go to elections right after the military campaign in order to leverage the Iran war. Meanwhile, the opposition Democrats party appealed to the Knesset speaker to suspend committee discussions related to the coalition's contentious judicial overhaul plans until the war is over. Likud minister Gila Gamliel said on Tuesday that national elections will likely be brought forward to late June or July. 
  640. ^ Israel's Initial Plan Was To Strike Iran Months Later, Defence Minister Reveals. NDTV. 2026-03-04. 
  641. ^ Israel decided to kill khamenei in November, defence minister says. Global Banking & Finance Review. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. 
  642. ^ Levaton, Stav. Poll: Most Jewish Israelis support Iran war, toppling regime; Arab backing far lower. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07). 
  643. ^ Von der Leyen llama abiertamente a una 'transición creíble' de poder en Irán. Europa Press. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07). 
  644. ^ Zsiros, Sandor; Aktan, Sertaç. Live. Von der Leyen backs regime change in Iran, signaling policy shift at the European Commission. Euro News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06). 
  645. ^ Iran strikes Qatar and Saudi energy sites as US jets shot down by Kuwaiti 'friendly fire'. BBC News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英国英语). 
  646. ^ NATO's Rutte says Iran must no longer pose threat. Iran International. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  647. ^ 上合组织:严重关切伊朗冲突 使用武力不可接受. 联合早报. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03). 
  648. ^ 上合组织对中东地区事态发展表示严重关切 称支持各方保持克制. 2026-03-03. 
  649. ^ 美以联合袭击伊朗后,各国有何反应?. dw.com. [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (中文). 
  650. ^ 各国政府对伊朗袭击中东地区各地做出回应. 美国之音. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (中文). 
  651. ^ 分析:俄羅斯試圖從伊朗戰爭中尋求外交和經濟利益. BBC News 中文. 2026-03-11 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (中文(繁體)). 
  652. ^ 美防長警告俄羅斯不得介入美伊衝突. RFI - 法國國際廣播電台. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (中文(繁體)). 
  653. ^ Trump and Netanyahu have unleashed 'Operation Epic Fury.' For the sake of humanity, we must stop them.. Progressive International. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). Imperialist war does not liberate peoples — it subjugates them. The evidence is found in the ruins of Gaza, Baghdad, and Tripoli, where bombs leveled cities and "democracy promotion" left ashes in its wake. Marco Rubio made it clear in Munich: the US does not wage war for freedom, but for recolonisation — whether in West Asia, or across the Western Hemisphere. 
  654. ^ USA, Tudeh Party of Iran, Communist Party of Israel, Communist Party. Joint Statement of the Communist Parties of Iran (TUDEH), Israel (CPI) and the U.S. (CPUSA). Communist Party USA. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (美国英语). We also affirm that this U.S.-Israeli imperialist military aggression not only does not herald Iran's liberation from the yoke of tyranny and the current dictatorship, but is also an attempt to destroy Iran as a capable regional state, and to replace the current government with a subordinate and authoritarian regime that has previously announced its program to bloodily suppress its opponents. 
  655. ^ Blackburn, Gavin. UN Security Council demands Iran halt attacks on Gulf states. Euronews. 2026-03-11. 
  656. ^ UN Security Council Condemns Iran's Actions in Gulf Region. binance.com. [2026-03-11]. 
  657. ^ Bagchi, Aysha. 'Might makes right'? Why experts have fears for rule of law. USA TODAY. [2026-03-17] (美国英语). 
  658. ^ Barrow, Bill. Congress hasn't officially declared war since WWII. Here's how presidential war powers have played out since then. PBS News. Associated Press. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-18] (美国英语). 
  659. ^ 659.0 659.1 659.2 Were the Israeli-US strikes on Iran legal under international law? These experts say no. SBS News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  660. ^ 660.0 660.1 What is the legality of the US and Israeli attacks on Iran?. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-09]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  661. ^ Cáceres, Juan Zahir Naranjo; Brincat, Shannon. Neither preemptive nor legal, US-Israeli strikes on Iran have blown up international law. The Conversation. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). 
  662. ^ Red Flag Alert: Israel-U.S. War of Aggression against Iran. Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention and Human Security. 2026-03-12. 
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  664. ^ UN Experts Denounce Aggression on Iran and Lebanon, Warn of Devastating Regional Escalation. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2026-03-12. 
  665. ^ The International Military Tribunal for Germany, Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals: The Nazi Regime in Germany, The Avalon Project, Yale University, 1946 
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  667. ^ Neither preemptive nor legal, US‑Israeli strikes on Iran have blown up international law. Law Society Journal. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-09] (澳大利亚英语). 
  668. ^ Tait, Robert. Trump's current war on Iran picks up where a longstanding enmity left off. The Guardian. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-16]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  669. ^ Martin, Peter; Martin, Eric. Trump's Iran Strikes Usher in an Era of Unrestrained American Power. Bloomberg. 2026-03-01. 'Trump is clearly an imperialist president. He's clearly someone who is infatuated with his own power in terms of being able to deploy our military,' New Jersey Democratic Senator Andy Kim said 
  670. ^ Mission accomplished? The 2003 boast that haunts today's Iran conflict. BBC News. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-16] (英国英语). 
  671. ^ Jaffe, Greg; era, Elizabeth DiasGreg Jaffe writes about the expansion of the U. S. military under President Trump Elizabeth Dias reports on the rise of a new Christian right in the Trump. Hegseth Invokes Divine Purpose to Justify Military Might. The New York Times. 2026-03-20 [2026-03-20]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  672. ^ Shamim, Sarah. Why are the US and Israel framing the ongoing conflict as a religious war?. Al Jazeera English. [2026-03-20] (英语). 
  673. ^ Ramirez, Marc. Faith and the Middle East: How religion could fuel a wider war. USA TODAY. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-20] (美国英语). 
  674. ^ Iran conflict and China: How it is unsettling Beijing and its ambitions. BBC News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-18] (英国英语). 
  675. ^ Great Power Spillover from the Iran War: Implications for China, Russia, Turkey, and Europe. The Washington Institute. [2026-03-18] (英语). 
  676. ^ Abu-Manneh, Bashir; Achcar, Gilbert. Middle East Wars Are Still About Oil and Empire. Jacobin. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). One could say that the United States has shifted under Trump, in his second term, to a modernized version of the nineteenth-century 'gunboat diplomacy', when major powers forced their will over weaker states by threatening to bomb them, or by actually bombing them if recalcitrant. There was then no concern about the nature of governments — only the naked will to crudely impose imperialist interests on weaker countries. 
  677. ^ Hamourtziadou, Lily; Gokay, Bulent. The Geopolitical Implications of the Iran War. E-International Relations. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). The current US diplomacy with Iran can be characterised as an extension of an imperial modus operandi, reflecting a pattern in which agreements serve as leverage points, contingent upon full compliance and discarded when paramount interests necessitate escalation. Critics contend that the approach adopted by the Trump administration, integrating military operations with a binary choice between capitulation and conflict, exemplifies historical imperial patterns of dominance. 
  678. ^ Shah, Saeed. 'Imperialist undertones': global south condemns US-Israeli war with Iran. The Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-10]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). Siphamandla Zondi, professor of politics at the University of Johannesburg, said that in the west, wars were viewed as having moral purpose, while in the global south, conflict was seen as evil and a failure to behave as adults. He said that the US and Israel had cajoled some countries through the Abraham Accords for diplomatic recognition of Israel, and used force against others. 'This is a war of domination and subordination, therefore it has imperialist undertones and motives,' said Zondi. 'It makes the world unsafe for all of us.' 
  679. ^ Lieber, Dov; Faucon, Benoit; Raice, Shayndi. Exclusive | Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-18 [2026-03-19] (美国英语). 
  680. ^ Persian Gulf states weighing deeper role in war against Iran - WSJ. Iran International. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 

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