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伊朗战争 (2026年)

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
2026年伊朗战争
中东危机的一部分
地图
各方发动袭击的情况:
  •    由美以联军发动
  •    由伊朗及抵抗轴心势力发动
日期2026年2月28日 - 至今 (3周3天)
地点
西亚(外溢至印度洋
状态

进行中

参战方
 美国
 以色列
支援
 黎巴嫩[a]
 乌克兰[b]

分离主义者
胡齐斯坦叛军[18]
伊朗库尔德斯坦
 伊朗
抵抗轴心
指挥官与领导者
伤亡与损失

伊朗 包括最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊在内的48名伊朗军政官员死亡。[49]



  • 据伊朗称:
    • 伊朗 1,444人死亡,18,551人受伤[61]

 黎巴嫩有773人死亡,1933人受伤
 叙利亚有5人死亡,8人受伤
 阿联酋有4人死亡[64]、141人受伤[65]
 巴林有3人死亡,38人受伤[66]
 科威特有4人死亡,32人受伤[67]
 阿曼有1人死亡,3人受伤
 卡塔尔有16人受伤[68]
 约旦有19人受伤[69]
印度 3名印度公民在霍尔木兹海峡丧生
中国 1名中国公民在伊朗丧生[70]
孟加拉国1名孟加拉公民在巴林丧生[71]
孟加拉国 1名孟加拉公民在阿联酋丧生
尼泊尔 1名尼泊尔公民在阿联酋丧生
巴基斯坦1名巴基斯坦公民在阿联酋丧生[72][73]
菲律宾 1名菲律宾公民在以色列丧生

伊朗战争(英语:Iran War),又称美以伊战争(英语:US–Israel War on Iran波斯语جنگ آمریکا و اسرائیل با ایران)是2026年一场于伊朗海湾沿岸地区爆发的区域性战争[74]。2月28日,美国以色列为推翻伊朗伊斯兰革命政权,联合开展预防性军事行动打击该国的高官、将领、战机、战列舰、战略设施等关键目标[75][76][77][78][79],更发动斩首空袭击毙伊朗时任最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊[80]。伊朗随后以大量弹道导弹自杀式无人机还击,大举空袭中东域内多个美军基地及以色列本土,域内多个海湾国家亦有民用设施遭伊朗空袭牵连[81];同时伊朗亦袭击航经海湾主要为油轮的民船[82],事实上封锁英语2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis霍尔木兹海峡并严重影响全球石油供应[83]。该冲突持续至今已外溢蔓延至黎凡特印度洋地区,并有陷入胶着的趋势[84]

自2023年以来,中东局势剑拔弩张美国与伊朗的关系亦日渐僵化。伊朗和以色列2024年与2025年多次爆发军事冲突;在2025年6月的十二日战争期间,美国亦对伊朗的核设施实施打击[85]。2025年末爆发的大规模抗议活动对伊斯兰革命政权造成威胁[86]次年1月,伊朗当局组织屠杀数万名示威者[87][88]特朗普政府2月与伊朗政府针对伊核问题阿曼展开间接磋商未果后,最终于2月28日促成了“史诗狂怒”行动的展开。根据美国总统特朗普当日的声明,其行动旨在摧毁伊朗的导弹与军事实力、阻止其取得核武器[89][90],最终协助当地民众推动政权更替[91][92]

此次战争对整个中东乃至国际局势都有重大影响。美以对伊朗的军事行动波及包括首都德黑兰,以及伊斯法罕库姆卡拉季克尔曼沙阿等多个城市[93][94]。伊朗在遭遇袭击后,旋即对周边包括卡塔尔[95]巴林[96]阿联酋科威特[97]伊拉克[98]约旦[96]沙地阿拉伯[99]土耳其在内的多个国家的美军基地及基建设施展开报复性袭击[100][101],且英国空军位于塞浦路斯阿克罗蒂里基地区也在此次风波中也遭受到小规模误袭[102]。另外,包括以色列、阿塞拜疆[103][104]、阿联酋、阿曼[105]、巴林[96]、卡塔尔、科威特及沙地等多个国家的民用设施也遭受袭击。随着美以与伊朗的战争打响,真主党与以色列于黎巴嫩南部进行的战争亦同时自2024年停火后再度打响[106],黎巴嫩政府随后宣布禁止真主党的所有军事活动[107]。此次战事造成了许多民众伤亡;许多学校、医院在战事中遭袭[108],其中包括米纳卜学校空袭事件。一些文化遗产亦在军事冲突中受损,其中包括世界遗产古列斯坦宫[108][109]。由于伊朗为能源主要出口国,封锁霍尔木兹海峡使得该区域能源运输受阻[82],引发国际石油液化气价格的大幅上涨[110][111][注 1]

有报道指,特朗普对伊朗战争的态度摇摆不定[113][114][115]。开战后一周起,特朗普除了先前提到的作战目标外,并亮出要求“无条件投降”的最后通牒[116][117],此后甚至于3月11日宣称美国“已经赢得了战争”[113][114]联合国秘书长古特雷斯对美国、以色列藐视和平、致使局势升级的行动进行谴责[118]联合国安全理事会亦通过决议,谴责伊朗对周边国家发动的报复性袭击[118][119]。一些国际法专家也认为此次行动是对伊朗主权的公然冒犯[120][121]。在美国国内亦有对此次伊朗战争合法性的质疑[122][123]。根据五角大楼发布的数据,美国此次军事行动前6日内,已花费113亿美元[124][125]。伊朗方面亦开始拖延与骚扰战术,提高对方成本并以时间作为筹码[126][127],媒体称美以联军正为战事持续至9月作准备[128],两栖部队的增援与海湾岛屿的进一步地面争夺也备受关注[129][130]

本次战争是继逮捕委内瑞拉总统马杜罗后,在2026年美国第二次使用军事手段进行针对其他主权国家领导人的跨境作战行动[131]。本次战争亦违反了2026年米兰–科尔蒂纳冬奥会期间的奥林匹克休战协议[132],是继2022年北京冬奥会休战协议期间的俄罗斯入侵乌克兰2024年巴黎奥运会期间的加沙战争之后连续三届奥运会休战协议期间出现违反相关协议的行为。

名称或称呼

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目前,各界对于此次战事的称谓主要包括“伊朗战争[133][134][135][136](英语:Iran War[137][138])和“美以伊战争[注 2][142][143][144]。伊朗方面对此次战争的称呼为“斋月战争[145]”(波斯语جنگ رمضان[146][147][148],但该名称在通常主要指1973年发生的赎罪日战争

除了以上名称以外,各界也倾向使用一些描述性的称呼,如“中东战争”[149][150],“美以对伊袭击”[151]等;也有避免使用“战争”字样的说法,如“伊朗冲突”[152][153]“美以伊冲突”[154][155][156]“中东冲突”[157]“伊朗危机”[158]。此外,美国智库外交政策研究所有评论将该战事称为“第三次海湾战争[74]”。

至于美以双方对此次军事行动的代号,则分别为“史诗狂怒[159][160](又译“史诗怒火[161][162],英语:Operation Epic Fury)和“咆哮之狮”(希伯来语מִבְצַע שְׁאָגַת הָאֲרִיOperation Roaring Lion[163][164]。伊朗方面对于其发动的报复性反击行动的代号则为“真实承诺-4[165][166]波斯语عملیات وعده صادق ۴[167]Operation True Promise 4[168])。

背景

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伊朗核问题与国际社会的制裁

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伊朗的AMAD项目英语AMAD_Project在2003年由时任伊朗最高领袖的哈梅内伊下令暂停。[169]联合国安全理事会自2006年起对伊朗核计划表示关切,在同年12月23日一致通过第1737号决议制裁伊朗研究浓缩铀[注 3],这些关切的问题在2015年伊朗核问题全面协议(JCPOA)签署通过后解决[173]。伊朗方面表示其并不寻求研发核武器,其浓缩铀活动是为了生产民用核能[174]国际原子能机构总干事曾表示,没有证据表明伊朗正在制造原子弹[175]。 一些英美分析人士则认为,伊朗正在推行一种“核对冲英语Nuclear_latency#Nuclear_hedging”的缓兵之计策略[176]

2018年美国单方面退出伊核协议让美国恢复了对伊朗的制裁,美方及其盟友与伊朗的关系也从外交转向武力对峙。[177] 第一任特朗普政府采取“极限施压英语Maximum pressure campaign”的政策。[178] 而随后的拜登政府并未放松经济制裁,反而实施更多制裁措施。[179] 第二任特朗普政府执政后,再次对伊朗重启“极限施压”政策。[180]

伊朗反政府抗议

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自2025年12月起,伊朗爆发席卷全国的反政府示威,导火线为经济困境、货币里亚尔急剧贬值及物价飞涨。示威者更提出更换政权的诉求,规模被指为自1979年伊朗革命以来最大[181],行动遍及全国逾100个城市[182]。当局随即展开强力镇压,包括大规模屠杀抗议民众,其中2026年1月8日至10日为伤亡最惨重时段[183]伊朗最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊在最高国家机构同意下,亲自下令在全国范围内武力镇压抗议者。目前外界估算,示威镇压造成的死亡人数或已达数万人,最新统计介乎30000至43000人之间[184][185]美联社指出,当局压倒性的暴力手段令伊朗社会弥漫绝望情绪,部分民众寄望于美国出手干预[186]。有亲美学者分析认为,伊朗政权正陷入高度脆弱状态,未来或面临存亡关头[187]。伊朗则加快洽谈采购中俄军备和防空系统积极备战[188][189][190]

美国军事施压与美伊谈判

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2026年2月6日美国调动军队到中东期间,第3航空母舰打击群英语Carrier Strike Group 3阿拉伯海航行

1月13日,特朗普公开呼吁伊朗民众“继续抗议”,并敦促他们“接管你们的机构”,同时声称“援助正在路上”[191]。1月23日,他再宣布一支美国“舰队”正驶往中东,当中包括亚伯拉罕·林肯号航空母舰及多艘导弹驱逐舰[192]

美国与欧洲官员透露,华盛顿已向德黑兰提出三项关键条件:永久停止一切铀浓缩活动、对弹道导弹计划设下严格限制,以及全面中止对哈马斯真主党胡塞武装等地区反美反以势力的支持[193]

2月6日,美伊双方在阿曼首都马斯喀特举行间接核谈判。伊朗方面表示,任何进展均须待各自返回首都磋商后方可推进[194]。第二轮谈判预定在日内瓦举行[194]。同月初,美国再向中东增派第二艘杰拉尔德·R·福特号航空母舰,以加强对伊朗的战略压力[195]

2月11日,伊朗举行1979年革命47周年纪念活动,现场出现亲政府集会及强烈反美言辞[196]。2月13日,特朗普表示,若伊朗出现政权更替,将会是“可能发生的最好事情”[197]。翌日(2月14日),美国官员向路透社透露,美军正准备展开为期数星期的持续军事行动,而非一次性有限打击;此举意味行动或将演变为一场范围广泛的战役,打击目标可能涵盖伊朗的国家及安全体系基础设施,而不仅止于核设施[198]

2月19日,特朗普在和平委员会首次会议上,警告伊朗必须在10至15天做出“有意义”的协议,“否则就会有坏事发生”。[199]

2月24日,特朗普在国情咨文演说中,指责伊朗重启发展核武的企图,并将其形容为“邪恶”行径。他又称,伊朗导弹技术日益先进,足以威胁美国、欧洲及美军海外基地,并警告华府在必要时将采取行动[200]

时序

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2月28日

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美国、以色列发动袭击

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美国总统唐纳德·特朗普8分钟的讲话。
2026年2月28日,“史诗狂怒”行动

上:特朗普总统、国务卿鲁比奥中央情报局局长约翰·拉特克里夫、白宫幕僚长怀尔斯海湖庄园监督对伊朗的空袭

下:副总统万斯国家情报总监加巴德及国家安全会议高层在白宫战情室协调对伊朗的空袭

2月28日行动开始当日,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布美国与以色列联手对伊朗展开军事打击,并明言行动旨在摧毁伊朗的导弹与军事实力、阻止其取得核武,最终协助当地民众推动政权更替[201]。他同时向伊斯兰革命卫队成员发出警告,要求他们放下武器以换取免责待遇,否则“必死无疑”[202]。攻击展开约两小时后,特朗普发表一段长达8分钟的讲话,明言美军行动的实质目标是推动伊朗政权更替[203][204]。其后,《纽约时报》引述一名美国官员称,美军对伊朗的打击行动“正在进行中”[205]。美国官员证实,美军正对伊朗发动攻势,并强调这“并非小规模打击”[206]。有美方官员透露,数十次空袭由部署于中东基地及航空母舰上的攻击机执行[207]。路透社指出,行动同时涉及空中与海上力量[208]。另有美方官员证实,相关行动与以色列方面协调推进[209]

以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡发表影片声明,表示以色列与美国联手对伊朗发动打击,目的是消除其所称伊朗“恐怖政权”带来的生存威胁。他指控伊朗领导层过去,称“47年来,阿亚图拉政权一直高喊‘以色列去死’与‘美国去死’”,并将其形容为“杀人恐怖政权”,强调绝不容许其拥有核武。内塔尼亚胡表示,今次行动将为伊朗人民创造条件,使他们得以掌握自身命运,并呼吁民众“摆脱暴政枷锁”[210]。多家媒体报道称,以色列境内响起防空警报,政府呼吁民众留在受保护区域内,确保人身安全[211][212]。美国驻以色列大使迈克·赫卡比敦促美国公民在听到警报时立即采取行动[213],特朗普则警告,美国人员或会在冲突中丧生[214]以色列卫生部亦将医院设施转移至地下,以应对潜在袭击[215]。CNN指出,此次行动的时间点在犹太传统中具有象征意义,因其发生于3月2日犹太节日普珥节之前[216]

以色列国防部长伊斯雷尔·卡茨称,该次行动属于“先发制人攻击”,目的是“清除对以色列国构成的威胁[217]”。卡茨确认以军已展开行动后,当地随即传出爆炸声[218][219]。据报,打击目标包括德黑兰一处高层官员聚居地,伊朗最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊通常在该区居住,区内亦设有总统府及伊朗最高国家安全委员会[220]。当局确认至少七枚导弹击中该区[221]以色列其后宣布全国进入紧急状态,指当局预期伊朗可能作出报复性攻击[211][222]

法尔斯通讯社CNN报道称,伊朗多个城市亦出现爆炸,包括库姆、克尔曼沙赫、伊斯法罕及卡拉季[223][224]。德黑兰市内的大学街、共和国大街区及北部塞耶德·汉丹区均传出导弹袭击[225]。攻击后,德黑兰通讯服务受到干扰[226]伊朗学生通讯社表示,多个军事基地遭到袭击后,造成数千名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队人员伤亡[227]。伊朗随后反击,使用导弹、无人机及战斗轰炸机,全面袭击了沙地阿拉伯、卡塔尔、阿联酋、巴林科威特等国的美军基地,以及民用机场、酒店及炼油厂等基建设施[228][229],又袭击通过霍尔木兹海峡的美国、以色列、欧洲国家及其支持者的油轮或其他船只,强调这些国家的军用民用船只禁止通过[230]。其后的卫星图像显示,伊朗的反击对中东的美军基地造成损害[231]

哈梅内伊之死

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2026年2月28日,多家伊朗官方媒体于空袭初期坚决否认哈梅内伊在空袭中身亡,但随后在其抢救无效后还是证实了此消息。伊朗政府随即宣布全国哀悼40天[232]。3月1日,根据美国哥伦比亚广播公司2月28日援引两名匿名美国官员的话报道称,包括伊朗国防部长阿齐兹·纳西尔扎德、伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队总司令穆罕默德·帕克普尔和伊朗国防委员会秘书阿里·沙姆哈尼在内40名伊朗官员在空袭中死亡[233][234]。伊朗称,在伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊殉职后,将由伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬和司法总监和宪法监护委员会一名法学家领导国家[235]。哈梅内伊的女儿、女婿、孙辈和儿媳也在袭击中身亡。[236][237][238]

伊朗还击

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伊朗向海湾多个美军基地发射导弹,并命名此次行动为“真实承诺IV”,局势迅速升级[239]巴林启动空袭警报,其后确认美国第五舰队总部成为目标之一;阿拉伯媒体报称首都麦纳麦出现爆炸与浓烟[240][241][242]。卡塔尔表示成功拦截一枚伊朗导弹[243]科威特阿联酋首都阿布扎比亦传出爆炸[244]。阿联酋成功拦截了多枚伊朗导弹,但境内有平民被拦截导弹的碎片击中身亡。[245]叙利亚境内有房屋被伊朗导弹击中造成人员死伤。[246]英美油轮在波斯湾霍尔木兹海峡遭到伊朗攻击[247]

CNN引述伊斯兰革命卫队称,伊朗锁定四个美军设施,包括卡塔尔乌代德空军基地、科威特萨勒姆空军基地、阿联酋达夫拉空军基地,以及巴林的美国第五舰队基地,并发布画面显示巴林基地附近升起浓烟[248]。报道称,沙地阿拉伯首都利雅得也听到爆炸声[249]。法国位于阿联酋的基地和平营也遭到伊朗袭击。[250]以色列境内有楼房遭导弹击中,造成人员死伤。[251][252]阿拉伯联合酋长国位于朱美拉棕榈岛费尔蒙棕榈饭店遭到伊朗无人机攻击起火[253],火势蔓延至饭店多个楼层,造成费尔蒙棕榈饭店有4人受伤。被拦截的无人机碎片也导致帆船酒店发生火灾。哈里发塔附近也发现无人机。迪拜国际机场也遭到伊朗无人机攻击。[254]中东多国在3月初陆续关闭领空,班机停飞,导致航运枢纽陷入疫情以来最大混乱[255]

第一周(3月1日–6日)

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伊朗对中东多国展开报复打击

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美国在中东的军事基地

3月1日上午,伊朗对以色列及多个中东国家发动报复性攻击,向以色列、阿联酋、卡塔尔、科威特巴林约旦沙地阿拉伯发射导弹及无人机[256]。数小时内,伊朗再向特拉维夫、海法及海湾地区的美军基地发射导弹。与此前十二日战争期间相比,此次反应明显更为迅速,外界认为显示伊朗军事指挥架构可能出现调整[257]

伊朗锁定海湾多处美军设施为目标[258]。巴林启动空袭警报,阿拉伯媒体报道首都麦纳麦可见爆炸与浓烟[259][260]。巴林其后确认,美国第五舰队总部遭到攻击[261]科威特国际机场阿布扎比亦传出爆炸声[262][263]科威特外交部英语Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)召见伊朗驻科威特大使穆罕默德·图通奇,表达抗议[264]。革命卫队表示,已攻击卡塔尔乌代德空军基地、科威特阿里·萨利姆空军基地英语Ali Al Salem Air Base[265]、阿联酋达夫拉空军基地英语Al Dhafra Air Base,以及巴林的美国第五舰队总部,并发布影片显示巴林基地方向升起浓烟[266]

沙地阿拉伯确认利雅得东部省遭袭,并称成功拦截来袭导弹[267],强调将采取“一切必要措施”自卫,包括回击选项[268]。阿联酋表示成功拦截多枚导弹,但一名亚洲籍人士因拦截碎片坠落住宅区丧生[269][270]。卡塔尔则称拦截至少两波攻击,未有人员伤亡或重大损失[271]伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区亦成为目标,埃尔比勒国际机场美国驻埃尔比勒总领事馆英语Consulate General of the United States in Erbil附近设施遭袭,不过多数来袭导弹及无人机被拦截[272]。以色列方面,北部一幢九层住宅楼被击中,一人受伤[273]海法特拉维夫亦遭袭[274]。特拉维夫一处住宅区遇袭,造成一名女子死亡、27人受伤[275]。一枚伊朗导弹突破防空系统,击中贝特谢梅什一间犹太会堂,造成9死、11失踪、51伤[276][277]。有报道指伊朗导弹击中约旦领土及首都安曼[278][279]。约旦称击落两枚来袭弹道导弹[269],并处理54宗坠落碎片报告,仅造成财物损失[280]

迪拜多处住宅区,包括靠近哈利法塔迪拜码头棕榈群岛地带遭到波及,费尔蒙特棕榈岛酒店英语Fairmont The Palm起火[281],造成四人受伤[282]多哈郊区亦有住宅建筑受损[283][271][284][285]。当地消息指伊朗使用沙赫德无人机,此型无人机亦为哈马斯与真主党等组织常用武器之一[286]。阿联酋其后称成功拦截“新一波”导弹,但拦截碎片仍对阿布扎比与迪拜部分建筑,包括阿拉伯塔造成损害[287][288]。巴林晚间报道,一幢住宅区塔楼遭伊朗无人机击中[282]。当日晚些时候,以色列宣布已对伊朗中部防空系统及导弹发射装置展开新一轮攻击[289]

3月1日,霍尔木兹海峡一带局势亦趋紧张。阿曼杜库姆港英语Duqm Port据报遭两架无人机击中,一名外籍工人受伤[290]。阿曼海事安全中心确认,一艘名为“Skylight”、悬挂帕劳国旗的油轮,在海塞卜港以北5海里遇袭,4名印度裔伊朗籍船员受伤[291]。其后,另一艘在阿联酋米纳萨克尔西北17海里的船只遭投射物击中起火,火势被扑灭[292]。霍尔木兹海峡关闭后,约150艘货船(包括大量油轮)滞留海峡外等候通行[293]。巴林首都麦纳麦一间皇冠假日酒店被伊朗无人机击中起火,民防部门出动疏散游客及员工[294][295]。阿布扎比一架无人机在靠近阿提哈德塔、以色列大使馆附近被拦截,残骸导致建筑受损,一名妇女及其子女受轻伤[296]。科威特则录得1死32伤[297]

阿布扎比萨拉姆海军基地仓库遭两架伊朗无人机袭击,两个货柜起火[298]亚马逊表示其阿联酋亚马逊云端运算服务数据中心遭物体击中并起火,路透社指事故导致全面停电及可用区暂时性网络中断[299]。沙地阿拉伯表示成功拦截企图攻击苏丹王子空军基地哈立德国王国际机场的导弹[300]。英国军方称,一架皇家空军台风战斗机击落一架飞往卡塔尔领空的伊朗无人机[301]。伊朗导弹与无人机亦袭击埃尔比勒附近美军基地及约旦东部德军野战营地,1名美军受伤[302]。此外,一艘悬挂马绍尔群岛国旗的MKD VYOM号油轮在阿曼近岸受损[303]。当日傍晚,一枚弹道导弹击中西耶路撒冷地区,造成道路及车辆受损,6人受伤[304]。一枚伊朗导弹残骸则落在叙利亚艾因塔尔马英语Ein Tarma[305]。科威特国际机场袭击造成若干未说明损毁[281]

伊朗革命卫队宣称以四枚导弹击中美国亚伯拉罕·林肯号航空母舰美国中央司令部X官方账号在该社交媒体平台已证实这宣称是假新闻[306]。阿布扎比法国海军和平营据报亦遭导弹或无人机攻击[307]

3月1日特朗普就攻击事件发表最新进展讲话,其中包括哈梅内伊之死。

3月1日,以色列对伊朗境内目标展开新一轮空袭,属其持续军事行动的一环[308],攻击重点落在德黑兰市中心。伊朗媒体报道多次猛烈爆炸[309]。特朗普同日在真实社交发文警告称:“伊朗刚刚声称他们今天将进行猛烈打击,比他们以往遭受的任何打击都更猛烈。不过他们最好不要那样做,因为如果他们那样做,我们将以前所未见的力量回击他们[308]!”美国中央司令部表示,已奉命“瓦解伊朗政权的安全机构”[310]以色列国防军则称,轰炸两架正准备起飞的F-4F-5战斗机[311]。伊朗最高安全官员阿里·拉里贾尼宣布成立临时领导委员会,指控美以企图肢解伊朗,并警告任何“分离主义团体”若乘机行动,将面临严重后果[308]。议长穆罕默德·巴盖尔·卡利巴夫则点名威胁特朗普与以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡,称两人已越过红线,必将“付出代价”[308]

米纳卜学校空袭后,人们在瓦砾中搜寻死伤者

德黑兰革命法院大楼在空袭中被毁[312]米纳卜学校空袭死亡人数增至148人[313]阿扎迪体育场阿扎迪广场默德塔一带亦传出爆炸[313]。伊朗红新月会表示,德黑兰多间医院及其“和平大楼”附近出现爆炸情况[313]

以色列国防军进一步宣称,已摧毁“内部安全部队总参谋部”及萨尔安拉总部[314]。伊朗媒体称,美以行动亦波及国家广播电视总部[315]。被击毙的官员包括情报部官员穆罕默德·巴塞里英语Mohammad Baseri,以及警察情报部门主管吴拉姆雷扎·雷扎伊安英语Gholamreza Rezaian[313]。特朗普其后向NBC新闻表示,伊朗已有“大批领导层”在行动中被击毙[316]。因应黎巴嫩北部武装行动,以军空袭贝鲁特贝卡谷地等战略目标[317],并波及黎巴嫩南部[318]。其后,以色列空军展开对德黑兰的行动[319]

2026年3月2日,美国中央司令部在伊朗发动“史诗狂怒行动”期间的空袭集锦

有3架美军的F-15鹰式战斗机遭科威特的MIM-104爱国者导弹误击坠毁,飞行员跳伞逃生。美国中央司令部和科威特国防部已证实有3架美国军机坠落,飞行员全部生还[320]。有影片显示一位跳伞生还的飞行员被当地居民见到并友好地问她有没有大碍[321][322]

塞浦路斯英军基地遇袭

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英国军方在塞浦路斯岛部署的皇家海军“龙”号驱逐舰

3月2日,当地时间午夜前后,位于塞浦路斯岛亚克罗提利和德凯利亚主权根据地区英国皇家空军基地疑似遭到伊朗无人机袭击,亚克罗提利和德凯利亚地区拉响了空袭警报[323]。据报道,五架无人机被拦截,但其中一架击中了机场,造成轻微损坏[324][325]英国军方自动警报系统显示存在“持续的安全威胁”[326]英国国防部声称“基地已对袭击做出回应”。塞浦路斯政府随后证实了这项说法[327]。据报道,此事发生在英国允许美国使用其军事基地对伊朗发动军事行动数小时之后[328]。伊朗也声称击落了一架美国MQ-9收割者侦察无人机[329]。塞浦路斯帕福斯国际机场在空中发现不明飞行物后进行疏散[330],与此同时,亚克罗提利空军基地在探测到潜在威胁后再次拉响了警报[331]。后来塞浦路斯政府证实这些物体是两架无人机,已被拦截,未造成任何损失。[332]事件发生后,希腊宣布部署护卫舰F-16战斗机协防塞浦路斯[333]

英国国防大臣贺理安称,伊朗曾向塞浦路斯岛英军基地方向发射两枚导弹,但他认为基地并未受攻击[334][335];塞浦路斯国防部长其后否认有导弹射向该国[336]。伊朗或其盟友亦袭击巴格达国际机场附近的美军胜利基地[337]及巴林米纳萨勒曼港英语Mina Salman[338]

3月4日,拉纳卡国际机场因黎巴嫩一台无人机而暂时关闭,但随后被希腊空军F-16战隼战斗机击落。这些希腊F-16战斗机是在伊朗发出威胁后部署到该地区的。[339][340]有报告指出塞浦路斯领空关闭,但塞浦路斯政府后来否认了这一说法,并在同一份声明中证实了来自黎巴嫩的无人机的存在。[341]

英国首相基尔·斯塔默于3月3日表示,英国将向塞浦路斯派遣具备反无人机能力的直升机,并将防空驱逐舰“龙”号部署到该地区。[342]

真主党加入战局

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3月2日,真主党为报复伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊遇害,向以色列发射导弹。以军随即空袭贝鲁特,局势被视为区域冲突重大升级[343]。海法及上加利利凌晨响起警报[344][345]。以军称拦截部分火箭,其余落入空旷地带[346]。以色列情报相信行动来自德黑兰指示,军方更形容此举等同真主党“正式宣战”,并誓言清除威胁[317]。真主党承认责任,称袭击海法以军基地[347]

随后以色列军方地面部队在黎巴嫩南部地区执行任务。[348]

美军取得伊朗制空权

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美国参谋长联席会议主席丹·凯恩在新闻发布会上宣布,美军已在伊朗上空取得制空权[349]

以军炸毁伊朗政府机构

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以色列在当天凌晨继续对黎巴嫩和伊朗进行轰炸和军事行动。[350]以色列国防军宣布摧毁了伊朗最高国家安全委员会总部、指挥控制基础设施和伊朗总统办公室,并指出其目标是“政权最核心、最重要的总部”。 [351]此外,以色列国防部长授权对黎巴嫩进行地面入侵,以夺取战略要地。[352][353]根据美国方面消息,以色列严重破坏了主要集中在阿曼湾的伊朗海军能力,多艘伊朗军舰被摧毁,一些重要基地遭到袭击。[354][355]联合国教科文组织世界遗产古列斯坦宫遭到以军和美军空袭的碎片击中。[356]根据伊朗新闻报道,以军和美军炸毁了库姆负责“选举伊朗最高领袖”的专家会议[357]

真主党据称在奈拜提耶击落了一架以色列无人机。[358]当地时间凌晨1点40分(格林威治标准时间22:00),伊朗轰炸多哈[359][360] 和塞浦路斯的拉纳卡、麦肯齐社区、拉纳卡国际机场附近以及亚克罗提利和德凯利亚的英国基地。[361][362][363]当地时间凌晨3点30分左右(格林威治标准时间23:30),阿联酋侦测到多枚从伊朗射向阿联酋的导弹。[364]伊朗也轰炸了沙地阿拉伯首都利雅得,当地美国大使馆发生火灾[365] ,大使馆遭到两架伊朗无人机袭击,但由于当时大楼内无人,因此没有人员伤亡。[366][367]以色列警方报告称,特拉维夫有一人因伊朗投下的弹片而受伤。[368]亚马逊云计算服务(AWS)在海湾国家遭到攻击,位于阿联酋和巴林的AWS设施遭受严重破坏。[369]哈马德国际机场遭到伊朗攻击,但被卡塔尔军队制止。[370]伊朗袭击了阿联酋富查伊拉石油工业区,导致碎片掉落并引发火灾。[371]

美以联军加大军事打击力度

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以军F-35战斗机(摄于2026年3月4日)

这次联合空袭的目标是德黑兰的阿扎迪广场、军事设施以及地铁站。[372]根据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)报道,美军摧毁了17艘伊朗军舰和近2000个目标。[373][374] 在伊朗发表声明称向途经霍尔木兹海峡的船只开火后,特朗普表示如有必要,美军将提供军事护航。[375]

以军一架F-35闪电II战斗机在德黑兰上空击落了一架俄制伊朗雅克-130战斗机,这是历史上隐身战机首次在实战中击落有人驾驶的战斗机[376][377][378]以色列的攻击目标包括巴斯基民兵总部、导弹发射阵地、防御系统以及隶属于伊朗地面部队的后勤补给部门。 [379]根据伊朗方面消息,穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊(哈梅内伊的次子)在一次空袭中幸存了下来。[380]一架无人机在巴格达国际机场附近被击落,另一波无人机和导弹在阿尔贝拉被拦截。[381]一名11岁的科威特女孩在与伊朗弹片有关的事件中受伤身亡。[382]根据卡塔尔国防部报告,被誉为“中东最大的美国基地”的乌代德空军基地遭到伊朗攻击,但无人伤亡。[383]沙地阿美公司的拉斯塔努拉炼油厂遭到一枚炮弹攻击。[384]

美以联合空袭摧毁了德黑兰阿扎迪体育中心内一座可容纳12,000人的室内体育馆。众所周知,当局利用多个城市的体育场馆和体育中心集结和部署军事和安全部队,以及装备和车辆,以躲避美以空袭。[385]

美军潜艇击沉伊朗军舰

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美军潜艇击沉伊朗德纳号护卫舰

2026年3月4日,伊朗海军护卫舰德纳号”在印度洋美国海军潜艇击沉,地点位于斯里兰卡加勒以南约40海里。该舰先前参加了在印度维沙卡帕特南举行的2026年国际舰队检阅和多边联合军事演习。[386][387][388]

斯里兰卡国防部称,32名船员从水中获救,并被送往加勒的卡拉皮蒂亚教学医院接受爆炸相关伤势和疲劳的治疗。[389]然而仍有100多名人员下落不明,至少有78人在最初的袭击中受伤。这艘“穆奇级”护卫舰的沉没标志着伊朗海军近代史上最重大的海军损失之一。

库尔德斯坦叛乱

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伊朗库尔德斯坦政治力量联盟一位不愿透露姓名的官员称,由数千名库尔德斯坦自由生活党成员组成的伊拉克库尔德斯坦武装部队已开始对伊朗领土发动军事进攻,行动于3月2日早些时候开始。[390]据报道,美国和以色列官员证实了这起事件。[391]然而,一位不愿透露姓名的自由生活党官员否认了正在进行的进攻和跨境部队调动的说法,伊拉克库尔德斯坦总理马斯鲁尔·巴尔扎尼英语Masrour Barzani的副幕僚长阿齐兹·艾哈迈德也否认了这一说法。[392]3月4日,特朗普与库尔德斯坦民主党领导人内奇尔万·巴尔扎尼英语Nechirvan Barzani库尔德斯坦爱国联盟领导人巴菲尔·塔拉巴尼英语Bafel Talabani通了电话,期间他们讨论了伊朗战争的下一步走向。[393]

根据Axios报道,巴尔札尼和塔拉巴尼对让库尔德族武装部队(佩什梅加)参与任何针对伊朗的地面入侵表示保留意见[393] ,并补充说他们主要担忧的是伊朗可能对伊拉克境内的库尔德武装做出大规模军事回应。[394]此外,特朗普也与伊朗库尔德族领导人穆斯塔法·希吉里英语Mustafa Hijri通了电话。 [393]白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特表示,特朗普总统尚未决定是否支持库尔德族发动潜在的进攻,伊朗境内的库尔德族武装分子表示,他们正在等待美国的“绿灯”。[393] 伊朗库尔德斯坦自由战士大会呼吁伊朗库尔德斯坦人民组建“地方治理委员会”和“自卫委员会”,以抵抗伊朗政府军的驱逐,并远离他们已知的居住地以确保安全。[395]

美国总统特朗普表示,如果库尔德族武装部队在伊朗境内发动攻势,他将予以支持。[396]库尔德族武装部队已就可能入侵伊朗西部一事与美国政府取得联系,先前他们正在等待美国的“绿灯”。

伊朗空袭阿塞拜疆

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伊朗称其攻击目标是伊拉克境内的库尔德族武装,并警告分离主义者。伊朗和以色列再次互相发射导弹。战争进入第六天,目前尚无人员伤亡报告。据《卫报》报道,伊朗声称袭击了海湾的一艘美国油轮。[397]

来自伊朗的导弹和无人机袭击了阿塞拜疆纳希切万飞地的纳希切万国际机场。[398]据阿塞拜疆外交部称,一架无人机坠落在纳希切万国际机场的航站楼楼上,另一架则降落在沙卡拉巴德村的一所学校附近,造成机场受损,两名平民受伤。[399]在这些伤亡事件发生后,阿塞拜疆召见了其驻伊朗大使[400],并承诺将采取军事回应。[401] 伊朗副外交部长卡齐姆·加里巴巴迪否认袭击。[402]同时,一个与伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队有关联的Telegram频道“Sepah Pasdaran News Channel”声称对纳希切万的袭击事件负责。[403]

伊朗导弹发射次数下降与海军被消灭

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美国中央司令部表示,与战争爆发首日相比,伊朗的导弹发射次数在四天内下降了86%,无人机发射次数下降了73%。同时表示美军已击沉20多艘伊朗舰艇,[404]包含二战以来第一次的航母对战,此役中,伊朗的无人机航母“巴盖里烈士号”(IRIS Shahid Bagheri)随后被海军航空兵击沉,不过这是一艘去年才刚服役的改装航空母舰[405][406][407],另外有伊朗版航母杀手之称,配备了垂直发射系统(VLS)的双体高速战列舰“沙希德・萨亚德・希拉兹号”(IRIS Shahid Sayyad Shirazi),也在未发射反舰导弹下就被击沉[408]

据报道,伊朗油轮“布希尔号”出现在斯里兰卡附近海域,并被斯里兰卡海军扣押,船上208名船员也一同被扣押。这是二战以来,军舰首次被中立国扣押。[409]美以联军对德黑兰、克尔曼沙阿以及伊朗西部的萨勒马斯、马库斯和萨盖茨等地进行了猛烈空袭[410],并炸毁了伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队在洛雷斯坦省的一个情报设施。[411]

第二周(3月7日–3月13日)

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美以联军对伊朗政府在德黑兰和伊斯法罕的多个基础设施目标发动了攻击。[412][413]以色列国防军发表声明称,近50架以色列空军战斗机已彻底摧毁哈梅内伊位于德黑兰的地下掩体,并向该设施投掷了约100枚炸弹。以色列指出,该掩体位于伊朗德黑兰“领导层建筑群”下方,横跨数条街道,包含“多个入口和会议室,供伊朗恐怖政权的高级成员使用[414]”。此外,美国也派遣了第三艘航空母舰乔治·H·W·布什号到中东地区。[415][416][417]位于伊拉克巴士拉的美国哈里伯顿公司的厂区和炼油厂遭到伊朗无人机袭击。[418]德黑兰梅赫拉巴德国际机场在凌晨遭到美以联军袭击,以军称摧毁了16架圣城旅飞机。[419][420]印度新德里电视台通报,经过一周的敌对行动,伊朗可能只剩下约一千枚弹道导弹。[421]美以联军亦首次击中了德黑兰的石油设施,以色列国防军称这些设施被伊朗军方使用。[422]据反对派媒体伊朗国际报道显示,美以空袭布什尔受到了伊朗当地民众的欢呼。[423]在同一周,伊朗开始以封锁海峡为要挟,引发油价震荡,试图用消耗成本来与对手展开博弈[424][425]

攻击与封锁海峡水道

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伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽希齐扬向中东邻国道歉,并且告诉记者除非攻击源自中东邻国,伊朗将从3月7日起停止对他们的攻击[426]。佩泽希齐扬的言论引发伊朗政界和媒体人士的批评,并指出伊斯兰共和国在捍卫国家利益方面没有红线[427]。然而同一天,迪拜国际机场遭到伊朗无人机袭击[428]迪拜码头一座塔楼的正面也遭到攻击。[429]穆罕默德-巴盖尔·加利巴夫推翻了总统的声明,称只要海湾国家驻扎着美国军事基地,就会遭受打击;外部分析认为,这表明伊朗政权的决策结构内部缺乏统一的协调。[430]阿尔贝拉巴格达也发生了爆炸,美国驻伊拉克大使馆遭到伊朗导弹袭击。[431]美军袭击了一座海水淡化厂。伊朗声称他们进行了报复,并袭击了最初袭击的源头。[432]伊朗最高国家安全委员会主席阿里·拉里贾尼声称,自以色列和美国对伊朗发动攻击以来,已有美军士兵被俘。美国中央司令部随后在当天驳斥了该说法。[433]

阿联酋空军于3月8日称自2月28日至今拦截了来自伊朗的1342架无人机、8枚巡航导弹和221枚弹道导弹[434][435]美以联军空袭了伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队航空航天总部和50个弹药库。[436]以色列国防部长伊斯雷尔·卡茨称,上周被任命为伊朗最高领袖的新任军事办公室主任阿布·卡西姆·巴巴伊扬已经被以色列空军击杀。巴巴伊扬的前任穆罕默德·希拉齐英语Mohammad Shirazi (general)死于首天空袭。[437][438]

3月9日清晨,伊朗无人机袭击了巴林、科威特和卡塔尔。伊朗无人机在麦纳麦附近发动攻击,造成至少32名巴林公民受伤,其中4人伤势严重。[439]沙地阿拉伯声称,沙地皇家武装部队摧毁了4架以谢拜油田为目标的伊朗无人机。[440]北约证实,在土耳其领空拦截了伊朗向土耳其发射的第二枚弹道导弹[441],该导弹落在加济安泰普地区。[442]

3月10日,伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队称他们袭击了位于伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区哈里尔美军哈里尔空军基地[443]一位革命卫队高级指挥官表示,伊朗现在仅发射有效载荷在1000公斤或以上的导弹。[444]以色列称其袭击了德黑兰的一座武器研究机构。[445]3月11日,美以和伊在海湾地区互相攻击。[446]

3月12日,伊朗情报与国家安全部副部长阿克巴尔·加法里被一次美以空袭击杀。[447]人民动员部队第18旅总部在伊拉克加伊姆遭到空袭。[448]革命卫队附属的法斯通讯社报道称以色列无人机袭击了德黑兰多个安全检查站。[449]伊拉克库尔德斯坦马拉卡拉的一个基地,6名法国士兵被伊朗无人机攻击受伤,一名法军士兵丧生。[450]同样在伊拉克,两架美国空军KC-135空中加油机卷入一起事故。其中一架在伊拉克坠毁,造成6名美军机组人员死亡[451];另一架受损后降落在以色列。[452]这是美军继3月2日科威特误撃3架F-15E后,损失的第四架军机。[453]

3月13日,北约在土耳其领空拦截了伊朗向土耳其发射的第三枚弹道导弹。[454]华尔街日报》称,有五架美军的空中加油机在伊朗袭击沙地阿拉伯苏丹王子空军基地时被导弹击中并受损,但并未完全损毁且无人伤亡[455]。总统特朗普抨击了“假新闻媒体”报道“假新闻”,并表示事实上该“袭击”发生在几天前,五架空中加油机的其中四架已经“恢复服役”,另一架受损较严重但很快就能重新起飞。[456]

真主党袭击叙利亚

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3月10日,在叙利亚总统艾哈迈德·沙拉支持黎巴嫩政府解除真主党武装以及动员部署叙利亚军队在黎巴嫩边境之后,[457]黎巴嫩真主党炮击距离大马士革20公里的塞尔盖亚镇,该镇由叙利亚军队驻守。[458]叙利亚军队作战指挥部证实了这次攻击。[459]叙利亚媒体报道称,以色列在贾林镇和以色列占领库奈特拉拦截了伊朗无人机。[460]当天晚些时候,以色列向贝鲁特南部郊区发布了紧急撤离通知。[461]

第三周(3月14日–3月20日)

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3月14日,美国总统特朗普在社交媒体平台Truth Social上宣布美国中央司令部完全摧毁了哈尔克岛除了石油设施外的所有军事目标,并表示若伊朗政权继续阻止船只通过霍尔木兹海峡,该岛的石油设施可能也会被摧毁。[462]据美国中央司令部称,约有90个军事目标遭到摧毁。[463]特朗普发文呼吁先前受伊朗封锁影响的中国日本韩国、法国、英国等依赖霍尔木兹海峡石油运输要道的国家派遣军舰护航船只,称美军则协助继续空袭伊朗海岸线及击沉伊朗军舰。[464]作为回应,伊朗外交部长阿巴斯·阿拉格齐宣布开放霍尔木兹海峡予所有除美国及以色列外的船只通过。[465]其后,这些依赖霍尔木兹海峡石油运输的国家均拒绝派遣军舰护航船只。[466][467][468]伊朗议会国家安全委员会主席易卜拉欣·阿齐兹指责乌克兰派无人机支持以色列,并警告乌克兰可能成为伊朗的合法攻击目标。[469]

3月15日,伊斯法罕地区遭到美以联军猛烈空袭[470][471]设拉子附近听到20次爆炸声[472],德黑兰南部[473][471]、德兹富勒空军基地[474][471]霍梅恩[471]哈马丹[471]也发生剧烈爆炸。霍尔木兹甘省贾斯克港遭到空袭,损毁严重。[475]全国各地居民报告称,伊斯兰革命卫队增加部署安全部队在检查站。[476]

3月18日,以色列袭击伊朗的北方-南帕斯天然气田[477],随后伊朗导弹袭击了卡塔尔拉斯拉凡工业城和梅赛义德工业城,造成全球最大液化天然气出口设施“严重受损”,以作为此前以色列袭击伊朗一处天然气加工厂的回应。[478]

3月19日,英国、法国、德国意大利荷兰和日本发表联合声明谴责伊朗封锁霍尔木兹海峡,并改变先前拒绝参与的立场,表示“愿为确保海峡安全通行做出适当努力。”[479]一架美国F-35战机在伊朗上空执行作战任务时,疑似遭到伊朗方面攻击而受损。该战机紧急降落在中东的美国空军基地,无人伤亡。这将是自战争爆发以来,伊首次击中美战机。[480]伊斯兰革命卫队公布了击伤该战机的视频画面。[481]

3月20日,沙地阿拉伯在北部焦夫省拦截了一枚伊朗导弹。[482]美国开始针对霍尔木兹海峡的伊朗船只和无人机进行空中打击,这是美国为重新开放该海峡进行国际航运而采取的措施之一。[483]

以色列斩首行动

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以色列空军在3月15日对德黑兰的空袭击毙哈塔姆安比亚中央总部情报官员阿卜杜拉·贾拉利-纳萨布和阿米尔·沙里亚特。[484][485]

3月16日,真主党旅安全指挥官阿布·阿里·阿斯卡里在巴格达的空袭中丧生。[486]

3月17日,以军在对德黑兰的空袭击毙了伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书兼前最高领袖哈梅内伊的顾问阿里·拉里贾尼、他的儿子莫尔特扎和他的办公室主任阿里雷扎·巴亚特。[487][488]准军事组织巴斯基部队的指挥官吴拉姆-礼萨·苏莱曼尼[489]、副指挥官阿齐姆·伊斯梅利[490]和巴斯基情报局局长伊斯梅尔·艾哈迈迪也在同日被以军击毙。[491]

3月18日,以色列国防部长卡茨称以军在对德黑兰的空袭击毙了情报与国家安全部部长伊斯梅尔·哈提卜[492][493]

3月20日,美以联军在对德黑兰东部的空袭击毙了伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队发言人阿里·穆罕默德·纳伊尼[494]

两栖登陆舰的支援

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3月20日,美军的第二艘两栖攻击舰拳击手号与第十一远征队被发现日前已经于从圣地亚哥出发前往亚洲,较预定轮换时间提前几周[495]。先前的的黎波里号所搭载的2200名海军陆战队员11日自冲绳出发后,在隔周二也被目击到穿越新加坡海峡,随后全速进入印度洋前往中东,美军此前已经对海湾的伊朗控制岛屿进行轰炸,不过对于是否开展地面行动仍未有定数[496]

第四周(3月21日至今)

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以色列国防部长卡茨警告说,美以联军对伊朗的打击将在第四周“显著增强”。[497]美国中央司令部司令布拉德·库珀英语Brad Cooper (admiral)表示,美军迄今已打击了超过8,000个伊朗军事目标,其中包括130艘舰艇。[498]

3月21日,伊朗向位于印度洋的迪戈加西亚岛英美联合军事基地发射了两枚据称是霍拉姆沙赫尔-4的远程弹道导弹:一枚导弹在飞行途中失灵、第二枚被美国军舰成功拦截。军事基地并未被击中。[499][500]美以联军继3月2日之后使用掩体炸弹第二次空袭了纳坦兹核设施[501],伊朗袭击了以色列南部城镇迪莫纳[502],造成至少47人受伤。伊朗声称其目标是该城市附近的内盖夫核子研究中心[503][504]以色列南部城镇阿拉德也受袭,造成180多人受伤。[505]作为回应,以色列随后袭击了一处位于德黑兰马利克-阿什塔尔科技大学英语Malek-Ashtar University of Technology内伊朗政权用于研发核武零件的研发设施。[506]同日,一架卡塔尔军用直升机意外坠毁,造成4名卡塔尔军人、1名土耳其士兵和2名技术人员身亡。[507]

与此同时,沙地阿拉伯宣布驱逐当地伊朗大使馆的驻外武官及外交官,要求他们24小时内立即离开。[508][509]美国总统特朗普在自家社交媒体平台Truth Social上对伊朗发出最后通谍要求48小时内开放海峡,否则美军将空袭及摧毁伊朗多个发电厂[510];伊朗则指它们会以对等手段回应美以的任何打击行动。[511]

3月22日,以军空袭了德黑兰地区的军事基地、武器生产和储存设施以及革命卫队空军的一座武器生产基地。[512]伊朗集束炸弹攻击了特拉维夫,造成15人受伤。[513]

3月23日,美国总统特朗普宣布延迟空袭伊朗多个发电厂五天,称双方过去两天就彻底解决敌对行动进行了“非常好的、富有成效的对话”。受此影响,全球股市周一剧烈波动,油价下跌。[514]但随后,伊朗回应指与美国自开战以来从没有举行过任何会谈。[515]由于这不是停火或战争结束,美以联军继续轰炸德黑兰。[516]特朗普在接受CNBC采访时表示他认为“这是政权更迭,因为我正在与一些新面孔对话。”[517][518]

3月24日,黎巴嫩宣布驱逐当地伊朗大使馆外交官,要求他们五天内立即离开。[519]以色列和伊朗继续互相发射导弹攻击对方[520],以色列特拉维夫有4人轻伤。[521]伊朗官方媒体法斯通讯社报道称,美以联军对伊斯法罕两处天然气设施和一条输油管发动了空袭。[522]

影响

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以色列宣布全国进入紧急状态[523],以色列国防部长卡茨发表声明称:“根据5711-1951年《民防法》第9C(b)(1)条,在我确认民众遭受攻击的可能性极高后,现宣布全国本土战线进入特别状态[524]。”《纽约时报》报道,以色列学校、办公场所及公共活动亦暂停[525]。伊朗方面再度出现近乎全面断网。监察机构NetBlocks指,全国网络连接度跌至平常水平的4%[526][527][528]。区内多国关闭领空后,伊朗上空几乎不见民航机[529]哈梅内伊去世的消息传出后,有伊朗民众涌上街头庆祝,但同样有安全部队向街头庆祝者开枪。[530]

2月28日,伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队宣布关闭重要的原油运输通道霍尔木兹海峡[531][532],国际油价大幅上涨[533]。3月11日,国际能源署宣布其成员国一致同意释放4亿桶石油储备,创历史最大规模[534]

中东最大的货柜码头迪拜杰贝阿里港被导弹袭击后暂停营运。许多国际航运公司征收“战争危险附加费”[535]。以色列、伊拉克、科威特、巴林、卡塔尔、阿联酋和叙利亚等国同时关闭领空[536][8]

多家航空公司因战争影响宣布延误班机,影响部分航班取消[537]阿联酋航空枢纽机场迪拜国际机场卡塔尔航空的枢纽机场哈马德国际机场阿提哈德航空的枢纽机场阿布扎比国际机场暂时停运,影响国际中转航班[538]。航空停运使大量旅客滞留中东地区的机场[539]。3月6日,阿联酋航空和阿提哈德航空宣布恢复有限航班[540]

为避免可能出现的股市崩盘,阿联酋两大主要股市自3月1日至2日休市[541]。3月4日开市后,各国股市投资人下挫,涌入黄金等资产[542][543]

民间伤亡

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伊朗米纳卜一所女子小学遭导弹空袭。报道称,空袭造成108名学生死亡,92名学生受伤。《华盛顿邮报》报道称,死亡人数尚未获得独立证实。[544]美联社[545]和《纽约时报》称他们收集的证据表明,空袭系美国所为。[546]特朗普称空袭系伊朗所为。[547]3月11日,美国军方的初步调查显示美军应对伊朗学校遭致命导弹攻击负责,原因是美军策划者定位失误。[548]

伊朗红新月会称,截至3月7日,总计6668处民用设施被攻击,其中包含14个医疗中心设施、65所学校和13个红新月会下属的中心。[549]

军事开销

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2026年3月2日,即开战的第四天,美国进步中心估计该战争已使美国耗资50亿美元。[550] 《有线电视新闻网》的分析人士表示,美军的每日开销至少为8.9亿美元。[551] 战略与国际研究中心估计,美军发起攻势后六天内花费127亿美元,[552]且根据五角大楼的数据,仅弹药成本一项就至少高达113亿美元。[553]

3月11日,《纽约时报》报道称,伊朗的袭击已造成中东地区至少17处美军设施受损。[554] 相比之下,伊朗发动袭击的资金成本远低于美军实施拦截的成本。例如,爱国者与萨德拦截弹的单价分别高达400万美元和1200万美元,而一架伊朗沙赫德无人机的造价仅为5万美元。[444]

亲伊朗人士行为

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3月1日,在巴基斯坦卡拉奇,至少有9名亲伊朗抗议者冲击美国领事馆的大门时惨遭美国海军陆战队使馆警卫队杀害[555][556]。此外,伊拉克巴格达、印度查谟和克什米尔邦勒克瑙等地也有亲伊朗示威[557][558]

3月2日,一名支持伊朗政权、反对以色列的塞内加尔裔美国公民在得克萨斯州奥斯汀枪击他人,造成3人死亡、14人受伤。随后他被击毙。[559]

3月12日,一名支持伊朗政权的塞拉利昂裔美国公民在美国弗吉尼亚州诺福克老道明大学枪击校园,造成2死、2伤。枪手被学生“制伏”并被他们打死。[560][561]

古巴危机

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3月5日,特朗普在白宫接待迈阿密国际足球俱乐部时表示,美国将在结束对伊朗的军事行动后,将目光转向古巴[562]。此前,特朗普施压古巴共产党第一书记米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔“在为时已晚之前达成协议”[563]

3月13日,古巴共产党第一书记迪亚斯-卡内尔在演讲中证实了美国和古巴之间的会谈。过去几周特朗普多次表示,美国和古巴正在举行高级别对话。[564]古巴外交部在3月12日晚间发布新闻稿宣布本着善意,古巴将在未来几天释放51名已服刑相当长一段时间及表现良好的政治犯,并提及古巴与梵蒂冈的密切关系。梵蒂冈先前曾多次促成或调解美国和古巴之间的谈判。[564]

逮捕拍摄伊朗导弹袭击现场的人士

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2026年3月3日,以色列警方在特拉维夫拘留了两名土耳其籍 CNN 记者,他们当时正在以色列国防军基里亚军事总部外进行现场直播。直播过程中,两名以色列警察走近记者,抢走了记者的手机。以色列警方称,他们接到举报,称有两名嫌疑人携带摄像头,实时录像并传输到外国媒体频道。随后两名CNN记者被以色列警方拘留接受讯问。[565]3月4日,卡塔尔当局宣布已捣毁两个与伊朗革命卫队有关联的间谍小组和逮捕了10名嫌疑人,指出其中7名嫌疑人被指派执行间谍任务,收集有关该国“重要军事设施”的情报;另外3名嫌疑人则被指派执行破坏行动,并接受过无人机(UAV)使用方面的训练。当局还查获敏感设施的位置和坐标,以及通讯设备和技术器材[566][567]

伊朗女足事件

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伊朗国家女子足球队澳洲黄金海岸于3月2日至3月5日出战2026年亚足联女子亚洲杯时拒绝在比赛前唱伊朗国歌。家人受到威胁后,她们被迫于3月5日赛前唱伊朗国歌。[568]伊朗官方媒体因此称她们为“战时叛徒”。[569]这支由26名成员组成的队伍预计将在3月8日晚上参加完女子亚洲杯的最后一场比赛后返回伊朗,但伊朗侨民、体育官员和澳洲政界人士担心,她们抵达伊朗后的安全可能会受到威胁。[570]3月9日,美国总统特朗普和以色列科学技术部长吉拉·加姆列尔英语Gila Gamliel发表声明呼吁澳洲政府为他们提供庇护[571][572],特朗普更称如果澳洲总理阿尔巴尼斯不庇护她们,美国会接收她们。[571]澳洲政府随后给予7名伊朗女足正式庇护,但其中一人不久后要求返回伊朗。因暴露了申请庇护人的住址,澳洲政府紧急将其余受庇护者转移安全地点。

海外“潜伏小组”

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ABC新闻审查的一份联邦警报显示,美国情报部门截获了据信来自伊朗的加密通讯,这些通讯可能成为境外“潜伏小组”的行动“触发器”。该警报声称该加密通讯在哈梅内伊于2月28日在美以空袭中丧生后,便传遍了多个国家。[573]

伊朗抵制世界杯

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伊朗体育部部长表示伊朗国家队不会参加2026年美加墨世界杯[574]

体育赛事修改赛历

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2026年3月3日,受到伊朗战争的影响,国际汽联世界耐力锦标赛宣布2026赛季的开幕战计划于3月26-28日举行的卡塔尔1812公里英语Qatar 1812 km将延后至10月举行,赛季的第一场比赛将改为于4月在意大利的伊莫拉举行。[575][576]

2026年3月15日,国际汽联世界一级方程式锦标赛宣布计划于4月举行的2026年赛季的第4站巴林大奖赛和第5站沙地阿拉伯大奖赛将不会举行。[577][578]

反应

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伊朗

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政府

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伊朗外交部宣布将作出回应,同时伊朗方面已对整个海湾地区的美军基地展开攻击[579][239]。伊朗最高国家安全委员会指出,该国遭到美国与以色列发动的“残暴空袭”,并批评事件再度发生于谈判期间,指敌方误以为凭借此类“懦弱行径”,即可迫使坚韧的伊朗民族向其卑劣要求低头[580]。伊朗外交部长阿巴斯·阿拉格齐称事件“完全是无端挑衅、非法且不正当”[581]。一名伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队将军宣布,伊朗有长期战斗的能力[582]。伊朗官员对特朗普试图干预伊朗政府继任计划的企图予以拒绝[583]。佩泽希齐扬表示,美国要求伊朗无条件投降的要求是“他们应该带进坟墓的幻想”[584]。佩泽希齐扬就袭击邻国一事道歉,表示伊朗将暂停袭击,直至邻国发动袭击为止,并将袭击归咎于“内部沟通不畅”[585][586]。该声明被指凸显内部分歧,佩泽希齐扬作为三方领导委员会的代表敦促通过外交手段解决问题,而准军事组织伊朗革命卫队则继续独立行动[587][588]

民众

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2026年3月3日,伊朗米纳卜女子小学空袭遇难者葬礼队伍

由于政府对信息传播的控制英语Censorship in Iran、再次实施的网络封锁以及战争的持续激烈,伊朗民众的反应难以全面了解[589]。《每日电讯报》和伊朗国际电视台发布伊朗境内民众庆祝袭击的视频,一些人表示希望事件能够削弱甚至推翻现任领导层[590][591]。包括《纽约时报》、路透社、半岛电视台和自由欧洲电台/自由电台在内的多家媒体发布了亲政府示威活动的照片。照片显示,示威者挥舞着伊朗国旗和阿里·哈梅内伊的画像,表达对美国和以色列空袭的反对[592][593][594][595]。哈梅内伊逝世的消息传出后,相关画面显示,为防止起义而部署的安全部队向街头庆祝者开枪[596][597][598]。画面还显示,安全部队向躲在窗户后高喊口号的示威者开枪[599]。平民也对美以空袭以及由此造成的平民伤亡表示恐惧、悲伤和愤怒[600][601][602]

侨民与反对派

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在美以空袭伊朗后,居住在海外的伊朗侨民纷纷表示支持伊朗政权更迭。许多伊朗侨民在世界各地举行庆祝集会,挥舞着包括狮子与太阳旗在内的反伊斯兰共和国的象征[603][604][605]。伊朗反对派领导人、前国王之子礼萨·巴列维支持以色列和美国,并表示如果伊斯兰共和国被推翻,他已准备好让他的过渡政府接管政权[606][607]。伊拉克境内的伊朗库尔德异见人士否认有任何袭击计划,但同时表示支持美国入侵伊朗[608]。3月7日,一位在伊拉克的伊朗库尔德领导人表示,对伊朗发动地面行动“极有可能”[609]

美国

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总统唐纳德·特朗普证实,美军已在伊朗展开“重大战斗行动”[610],并形容这是一场“规模庞大且仍在进行中的行动”,目的是防止“这个极端邪恶、激进的独裁政权威胁美国”[611]。他在真实社交发布的影片中进一步指出,美方的目标是消除来自伊朗政权的迫切威胁,以保障美国人民安全,并形容该政权为“残暴而危险的群体”。他又批评:“47年来,伊朗政权一直高喊‘美国去死’,并发动无休止的流血与大规模杀戮行动,针对美国、我们的部队以及许多国家的无辜民众[612]”。特朗普表示,在哈梅内伊遇害后,与伊朗的谈判将更容易进行[613] 。在开战后的第三天,特朗普表示美军正在“狠狠打击伊朗,但更大的攻击浪潮尚未到来”,并提及可能动用地面部队[613]。专家认为,特朗普政府在中东的目标需要动用地面部队[614]。3月3日,特朗普在真实社交网站上发文称“他们的防空系统、空军、海军和领导层都完了。他们想谈判。我说,‘你们太晚了!’[615]”特朗普宣称取得了战争胜利,并表示他已在军事上击败伊朗[616]。特朗普还非正式地表达他对战后伊朗的设想,即伊朗新政权将像美国和委内瑞拉那样,在石油生产方面开展合作[617]。3月7日,特朗普将战争目标从敦促伊朗平民夺取政权转变为要求伊朗政权“无条件投降”,同时表示他将在后续决策中发挥作用[618]。2026年3月20日,特朗普在会见来访的日本首相高市早苗时被问及为何袭击伊朗前不先知会日欧等盟友时,他打趣地将奇袭伊朗比喻称日本奇袭珍珠港,目的在于出其不意[619]

公众意见

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民意调查显示,大部分美国人不支持美国对伊采取军事行动[620]。据《卫报》报道,27%的美国人支持美国的军事行动,43%的人反对,29%的人表示不确定[621]NBC的一项民调发现,52%的登记选民认为美国不应该采取军事行动,而41%的人支持[622]。大部分美国人认为特朗普至今仍未解释攻击伊朗背后的目标[623]。民调显示,在这一问题上,人们的政治立场和人口统计特征存在分歧。大部分共和党人支持这一行动,而大部分民主党人和独立人士则反对[620]。特朗普对民意调查结果表示不满,否认民意调查显示支持率低迷,并补充说“我不在乎民意调查”[624][625]军事宗教自由基金会英语Military Religious Freedom Foundation收到200多起来自美国军人的投诉,起因是军事指挥官援引极端基督教言论向士兵们证明参与伊朗战争的合理性[626]

政客

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美国国会一些重要成员呼吁就一项名为《战争权力法案》的战争权力决议进行投票,其旨在阻止特朗普对伊朗发动攻击[627]。另一些议员则声称该决议本可有效终止对伊朗的袭击[628]。美国众议院议长迈克·约翰逊称此次投票“危险”[623]。由于共和党方面的反对,该决议最终未能通过[629][630]。大部分众议院民主党人和两名共和党人支持该决议,认为军事行动超出总统发动战争的权限[631]。大部分共和党人和四名民主党人投票否决该决议,认为《战争权力法案》赋予总统发动有限武装冲突的权力[631]。众议员托马斯·马西和前众议员玛乔丽·泰勒·格林认为,特朗普发动战争是为了转移人们对爱泼斯坦恋童癖网络相关爆料的注意力[632]。参议院也否决一项类似的决议,投票结果基本按党派划分[633]

2026年3月17日,共和党籍的美国国家反恐中心英语National Counterterrorism Center主任乔·肯特宣布因与特朗普政府在对伊朗开战问题上存在分歧而辞职。[634]特朗普则发布肯特在2020年支持打击伊朗的帖文作为回应。[635]

2026年3月18日,国家情报总监图尔茜·加巴德向国会听证会作证时表示,美国情报界评估认为伊朗在战前并未重建铀浓缩设施。[636]

以色列

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内塔尼亚胡表示,此次打击的目标是“消除伊朗恐怖政权构成的生存威胁”,并称“我们的联合行动将为勇敢的伊朗人民创造条件,让他们掌握自己的命运”[637]。外交部长吉德翁·萨尔表示,尽管存在重大风险,但对伊朗采取军事行动迫在眉睫,并补充说“拖延将使伊朗政权的核计划获得豁免权,并开始大规模生产远程弹道导弹”[638]。科技部长吉拉·加姆列尔表示,2026年以色列议会选举可能会提前至6月下旬或7月举行,以便内塔尼亚胡阵营能够利用战争[639]。3月4日,国防部长伊斯雷尔·卡茨透露,以色列最初计划在2026年年中对伊朗发动打击[640]。3月5日,卡茨表示,内塔尼亚胡的目标是在2025年11月刺杀最高领袖哈梅内伊[641]

以色列民主研究所在2026年3月的调查发现,82%的以色列公众支持持续的军事行动,其中包括93%的犹太裔以色列人和26%的阿拉伯裔以色列人[642]

国际反应

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阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫于3月4日访问伊朗驻巴库大使馆,哀悼阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊逝世

据报道,欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩支持伊朗政权更迭[643][644]。北约秘书长马克·吕特表示,欧洲支持美国对伊朗的攻击,指伊朗是潜在威胁[645],他还表示美国“知道自己在做什么”[646]

上海合作组织发表声明,表达对伊朗局势严重关切,认为“使用武力不可接受”,“必须确保伊朗国家主权、安全和领土完整”,呼吁各方保持克制、停止冲突。[647][648]

世界各国对袭击事件反应不一,除了有数国政府支持袭击,也有包含部分欧美国家在内的政府对此次袭击表示反对和谴责,此外海湾国家、还有部分国家如日韩等国家因能源进出口受到冲击,对此表达中立或表达模糊的担忧[649][650]。而俄罗斯则因受益于油价波动,对伊朗战争态度微妙[651][652]

进步国际组织谴责美以袭击[653]。美国、伊朗和以色列共产党发表联合声明,反对美以袭击伊朗[654]

2026年3月11日,联合国安理会通过由巴林提出的第2817号决议,呼吁伊朗停止对海湾国家的袭击,并谴责袭击违反国际法。该决议并未提及美国和以色列对伊朗和黎巴嫩的袭击[655][656]

分析

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美国国防部于2026年3月4日新闻发布会上使用的题为“史诗狂怒行动时间表——前100小时”的地图

美国法律下的合法性

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有法律和军事专家表示,美国在伊朗的行动需要国会授权,同时还了解到特朗普政府在有关空袭的声明中频繁使用“战争”一词,进一步佐证特朗普政府绕过国会战争权力的说法。鲁比奥表示,特朗普政府遵循《战争权力决议》,但对该决议是否具有法律约束力提出质疑[657]。自二战以来,美国国会从未正式宣布进入战争状态。多位美国总统和政府都曾在未经国会批准的情况下发动战争或军事行动,例如朝鲜战争越南战争[658]

国际法下的合法性

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根据国际法,美以对伊袭击被广泛认为属于非法,违反《联合国宪章》禁止使用武力的规定,不符合自卫的条件,且未经联合国安理会授权[659][660]。而预防性战争或武力政权更迭没有任何公认的法律依据[661],因此袭击被认为是侵略战争[662][663][664],属于最高级别的战争罪行[665][666]

联合国人权与反恐问题特别报告员本·索尔指出,伊朗尚未将铀浓缩到足以制造核装置的程度,专家一致认为伊朗没有核武器,而且这种情况远非针对迫在眉睫的攻击进行自卫[659]澳大利亚国立大学国际法教授唐·罗斯韦尔指出,联合国安理会没有通过攻击伊朗的决议,也没有任何法律依据可以为使用武力辩护[659]。《律师协会杂志》指出,美以在积极谈判期间打击伊朗,违反了《联合国宪章》第二条第二款规定的善意原则[667]

据《卫报》报道,根据国际法,伊朗有权在美以两国袭击伊朗后对美以军事目标进行反击,但伊朗对平民和非冲突当事国的袭击属于非法[660]

地缘政治影响

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有批评家和分析人士认为,美以袭击标志着特朗普政府更加公开地拥抱美帝国主义[668][669],被广泛认为是一场“选择之战”[670]

包括赫格塞斯在内的一些美国和以色列官员[671]从宗教角度为伊朗战争辩护[672][673]

英国广播公司报道称,霍尔木兹海峡的关闭和伊朗战争可能会削弱中国在依赖海湾国家石油的国家的利益[674]。一些分析人士认为,此次战争削弱了俄罗斯在该地区的影响力。而分析人士也指出,此次战争可能会分散美国在乌克兰战争中的注意力[675]

吉尔伯特·阿卡尔指出,美国正在实践一种现代化的炮舰外交体系[676]。戈凯和哈穆尔齐亚杜将对伊朗的袭击与美国长期以来干预该地区的模式联系起来,并将此次在谈判期间对伊朗的袭击与美国在西进运动中撕毁条约的历史联系起来[677]。赛义德·沙阿写道,许多南方国家并不认为战争具有美国及其许多盟友所宣称的道德目的,反而认为是外交的失败,是对弱小国家的侵略行为。国际关系专家表示,国际法的削弱使南方国家感到不安全,并更有可能支持反对美国利益的联盟[678]

华尔街日报》的一篇分析文章指出,以色列成功暗杀数名伊朗政府官员,导致伊朗政府领导层陷入混乱,巴斯基民兵官员也感到自身安全受到威胁。以色列认为,伊朗人民会借此机会推翻现政府,但这需要伊朗人民采取更多行动[679]

伊朗国际电视台的一篇分析文章指出,沙地阿拉伯和阿联酋可能正在为在打击伊朗的斗争中扮演更积极的角色做准备[680]

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ 政府军于其境内提供执法支援,协助逮捕效忠伊朗的什叶派真主党武装分子。[1]
  2. ^ 应美国请求战地支援,指导电战反制与火力对抗无人机。[2][3]
  3. ^ 当中2人为非战斗死亡[28][29][30]
  1. ^ 但允许石油输出到与伊朗关系密切中国[112]
  2. ^ US–Israel War on Iran,[139][140][141]英语:U.S.-Israel War with Iran或英语:U.S.-Israeli War on Iran等,意为美国、以色列对伊朗发动的战争。
  3. ^ 2006年安理会在第一份决议中指出的问题特别是“铀浓缩[170] 和“后处理”[171];此外,在同年的第二份决议中还提到了伊朗使用或企图使用“重水”的问题[172]

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  284. ^ Nicastro, Andrea. Iran, le ultime notizie in diretta | Attacco di Usa e Israele: «Probabile che Khamenei sia morto». Teheran risponde: raffiche di missili su Israele e sulle basi Usa nel Golfo. Poi un sms: «Lasciate la capitale». Corriere della Sera. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (意大利语). 
  285. ^ Iranian Shahed-136 drone strike reported near Burj Khalifa, smoke plumes captured on video | Watch. Moneycontrol. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  286. ^ Paul, Rohit. Video Shows Iranian Shahed Drone Striking Dubai, Huge Explosion. NDTV. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  287. ^ Update from Ismaeel Naar. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  288. ^ El Masaiti, Amira. Dubai authorities say drone debris causes fire at Burj Al Arab Hotel. HESPRESS English. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (美国英语). 
  289. ^ Update from Aaron Boxerman. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (美国英语). 
  290. ^ US-sanctioned oil tanker hit off Oman coast. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  291. ^ Hand, Marcus. Ships avoid the Strait of Hormuz, tanker hit off Oman. SeatradeMaritime. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  292. ^ Vessel struck by unknown projectile northwest of UAE's Mina Saqr, maritime security agency reports. Reuters. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  293. ^ Nahost-Liveblog: ++ Mehrere Tote bei Raketeneinschlag in Israel ++ [Middle East Liveblog: ++ Several dead in rocket strike in Israel ++]. Tagesschau. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (德语). 
  294. ^ Bhandari, Isha. Iranian drone hits Crowne Plaza hotel in Bahrain's Manama. India TV. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  295. ^ Crowne Plaza in Bahrain confirms "incident" affected the hotel. CNN. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  296. ^ Live Updates: Iran Vows to Avenge Leader's Death as Strikes Continue. The New York Times. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  297. ^ One killed, 32 injured in Iranian attacks on Kuwait, health ministry says. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  298. ^ Iran names interim leaders as Israeli rescuers say nine killed in missile attack – live updates. BBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英国英语). 
  299. ^ Dey, Mrinmay; Rajan, Gnaneshwar. Ellis, Aurora , 编. Amazon's cloud unit reports fire after objects hit UAE data center. Reuters. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  300. ^ Saudi Arabia intercepts missile attacks on airport, military base. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  301. ^ UK says British fighter jet shot down Iranian drone heading toward Qatar. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  302. ^ Iran targets German bases in Jordan, Iraq. TASS. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  303. ^ Three tankers damaged in Gulf as US-Iran conflict escalates. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  304. ^ Six wounded in Iranian ballistic missile strike on West Jerusalem. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  305. ^ Syria Iran. HJ News. [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  306. ^ @CENTCOM. 🚫Iran’s IRGC claims to have struck USS Abraham Lincoln with ballistic missiles. LIE.
    ✅The Lincoln was not hit. The missiles launched didn’t even come close. The Lincoln continues to launch aircraft in support of CENTCOM’s relentless campaign to defend the American people by eliminating threats from the Iranian regime.
    . X. 2026-03-01 (美国英语).
     
  307. ^ Smoke Rises Over French Naval Base in Abu Dhabi After Iranian Strike. Yeshiva World News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  308. ^ 308.0 308.1 308.2 308.3 More strikes aimed at Iran after Khamenei's death, Trump issues new warning. Reuters. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  309. ^ Powerful explosions shake Tehran - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  310. ^ Ali Khamenei may be dead, but Donald Trump has unfinished business. The Economist. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  311. ^ Israeli airstrike hits Iranian jets on runway. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  312. ^ Tehran Revolutionary Court bombed, its building destroyed - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  313. ^ 313.0 313.1 313.2 313.3 انفجارهای متعدد در تهران یک روز بعد از کشته شدن خامنه‌ای. BBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  314. ^ Israel says it destroyed Iran internal security headquarters in Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  315. ^ Strikes on Tehran target parts of national radio and TV HQ - state media. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  316. ^ Trump says 'a large amount' of Iran's leadership is gone. NBC News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  317. ^ 317.0 317.1 Kleinbaum, Yair. BREAKING: Hezbollah Officially Declared War on Israel. JFeed. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  318. ^ Kraus, Yair; Glikman, Eitan; Shashua, Itamar. Israel strikes southern Lebanon and Tehran as Hezbollah joins Iran war. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  319. ^ Update from Ephrat Livni. The New York Times. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  320. ^ Three U.S. F-15s Involved in Friendly Fire Incident in Kuwait; Pilots Safe. US CENTCOM. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  321. ^ Astonishing moment US pilot touches down in Kuwait desert unscathed after her F-15 jet shot down. metro.co.uk. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). 
  322. ^ https://x.com/i/status/2028511302683861388
  323. ^ RAF responding to suspected drone strike at UK base in Cyprus, MoD says. BBC News. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  324. ^ UK Cyprus base hit by drone. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  325. ^ Urgent: Explosions heard at Britain's air force base in Cyprus: British media. english.news.cn. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01). 
  326. ^ Further to the report that the UK's Akrotiri air force base in Cyprus has been hit by a drone. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. 
  327. ^ Smith, Helena. Authorities in Cyprus have confirmed the drone strike. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. 
  328. ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Fulton, Adam; Lowe (now), Yohannes; Fulton (earlier), Adam. US-Israel war on Iran live: explosions heard in Gulf cities and Jerusalem; evacuations in Beirut as conflict spreads to Lebanon. the Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  329. ^ Manieer, Pranay. Footage Shows Exact Moment Iran Intercepted And Shot Down American MQ-9 Drone. News18. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02). 
  330. ^ Paphos airport ‘evacuated’ – reports. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  331. ^ Sirens sound again at Akrotiri base as tensions remain high. knews. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  332. ^ RAF base in Cyprus hit by drone strike, Ministry of Defence says. Sky News. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05) (英语). 
  333. ^ Greece deploys frigates and F-16s to Cyprus amid rising security tensions. eKathimerini. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (English). 
  334. ^ Two Iranian missiles fired in direction of Cyprus: British defence secretary. Al Jazeera. [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  335. ^ Iran launched missiles at Cyprus, threatening thousands of British troops stationed there. The Jerusalem Post. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  336. ^ Maddox, David. Iran missiles fired towards UK military bases in Cyprus, defence minister says. The Independent. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  337. ^ Stepansky, Joseph; Sabah, Zaid. US, Israel attack Iran live: Trump vows to avenge 3 American soldiers. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-02 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  338. ^ Iranian attack sets off fire near Bahrain's Mina Salman Port. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  339. ^ Cyprus Closes Larnaca Airspace After Suspicious Object Detected Greek City Times. Greek City Times. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英国英语). 
  340. ^ Cyprus' Larnaca closes airspace due to suspicious object. breakingthenews.net. [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  341. ^ Govt insists Cypriot airspace is open. cyprus-mail.com. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  342. ^ Britain sends helicopters with counter-drone tech to Cyprus, deploys naval vessel. Reuters. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  343. ^ Ravid, Barak. Hezbollah launches missiles at Israel from Lebanon, Israeli military says. Axios. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  344. ^ The Israeli military is saying projectiles have been launched from Lebanon and sirens are sounding in several areas in northern Israel as a result.. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  345. ^ Rockets launched from Lebanon for first time in months, setting off sirens across northern Israel. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (美国英语). 
  346. ^ Glikman, Eitan; Kraus, Yair. IDF: Rocket intercepted from Lebanon, several landed in open areas; drone intrusion alerts. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  347. ^ Hezbollah claims responsibility for attack on Israel. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (英语). 
  348. ^ 以军地面部队进入黎巴嫩. 资讯_凤凰网. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (中文). 
  349. ^ War spirals in Middle East as explosions heard across region. CNN. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  350. ^ Tawil, Fadi; Bassem, Mroue. Lebanon's leaders turn on Hezbollah as airstrikes hit Beirut and thousands seek shelter. AP News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  351. ^ Israel strikes Iran leadership compound in central Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  352. ^ McShane, Asher. Israel launches ground invasion of Lebanon and Trump warns 'hardest hits were yet to come'. LBC. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  353. ^ Israel orders troops to seize new positions in Lebanon. France 24. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  354. ^ Ozberk, Tayfun. US Strikes Destroy Iran's Main Naval Assets. Naval News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03] (美国英语). 
  355. ^ Trevithick, Joseph; Rogoway, Tyler. Iran's Key Naval Base On Strait Of Hormuz Set Ablaze From Strikes. The War Zone. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03] (美国英语). 
  356. ^ UNESCO shares concerns over protection of cultural heritage sites. euronews. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  357. ^ CGTN. Iranian media: American-Israeli forces attacked the Assembly of Experts office building in Qom a few minutes ago.. news.cgtn.com. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  358. ^ Hezbollah says it shot down Israeli drone above Nabatieh. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  359. ^ Series of loud explosions rock Qatar's capital. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  360. ^ Explosions heard over Doha. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. 
  361. ^ Explosions reported in Israel and Cyprus. Cedar News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (美国英语). 
  362. ^ Blackshaw, Ethan; Nunes, Eliana. 'Explosion' rocks holiday hotspot after flights cancelled in drone attack chaos. The Mirror. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  363. ^ Κύπρος: Συναγερμός στη Λάρνακα μετά από αναφορές για ισχυρή έκρηξη στην περιοχή της βρετανικής βάσης της Δεκέλειας [Cyprus, Alarm in Larnaca after reports of a powerful explosion in the area of the British base in Dhekelia]. Difernews. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03] (Greek). 
  364. ^ Al Amir, Khitam. UAE air defences intercept Iranian ballistic missiles. Gulf News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04). 
  365. ^ Fulton, Adam; Campbell, Lucy; Lawther, Fran; Ambrose, Tom; Lowe, Yohannes. Middle East crisis live: Israel launches further attacks on Iran and Beirut as US urges citizens to evacuate region. the Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  366. ^ US embassy in Riyadh hit by drones, Saudi defence ministry says. 2026. 
  367. ^ Hansler, Jennifer. Trump warns Iran about larger strikes as US urges Americans to depart region. CNN News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  368. ^ Israeli police say one injured by missile shrapnel in Tel Aviv. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-03. 
  369. ^ null. Update from Yan Zhuang. The New York Times. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  370. ^ Qatar Says Thwarted Iran Attacks on Hamad International Airport. english.aawsat.com. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  371. ^ Watch: Drone targets UAE oil facility. Sky News. [2026-03-03] (英语). 
  372. ^ Fire in the west of Tehran, city shrouded in smoke after the attack.. Haberler.com. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  373. ^ Live updates: US struggles to evacuate Americans from Middle East as its assets come under fire. CNN. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  374. ^ Live - 2,000 targets struck, 17 Iranian ships sunk in Operation Epic Fury - CENTCOM. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  375. ^ Diorio, Julia. Trump says Navy will escort ships through Strait of Hormuz 'if necessary' (News). CNN. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  376. ^ Israel's F-35 shoots down Iranian Yak-130 jet over Tehran. News.az. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (英语). 
  377. ^ Israeli Air Force F-35 shoots down Russian-made Iranian jet over Tehran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (美国英语). 
  378. ^ Israel F-35 downs Iranian YAK-130 in first dogfight of war. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  379. ^ Israel says it hits security headquarters across Tehran, as Iran attacks US sites in Dubai and Qatar. BBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英国英语). 
  380. ^ Hafezi, Parisa. Mojtaba Khamenei, seen as possible next Supreme Leader, has survived attacks on Iran, sources say. Reuters. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  381. ^ Drone downed near Baghdad airport as Iraq attacked by Iran. Al Jazeera English. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  382. ^ Lenin. 11-Year-Old Child Dies; Four Family Members Undergoing Medical Evaluation After Shrapnel Incident. Times Kuwait. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (美国英语). 
  383. ^ Qatar says Al Udeid Air Base hit by ballistic missile. ABC News. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
  384. ^ Saudi Aramco's Ras Tanura struck again by unknown projectile, four sources say. Reuters. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. 
  385. ^ Missile strike destroys 12,000-seat indoor arena at Tehran’s Azadi complex. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  386. ^ AFP. Sri Lanka rescues 32 sailors from sunk Iranian warship. The Hindu. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. ISSN 0971-751X (印度英语). 
  387. ^ Rana, Javaria. Sri Lanka responds to distress call from Iranian warship returning from Vizag Fleet Review. The New Indian Express. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05) (英语). 
  388. ^ Sri Lanka sends jets over Iran naval ship's distress call, denies 'submarine attack' reports. Hindustan Times. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04] (英语). 
  389. ^ 32 Iranians rescued from warship "IRIS Dena" admitted to Karapitiya Hospital. Ada Derana. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  390. ^ Thousands of Kurdish fighters launch ground offensive into Iran against regime, official says. i24 News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  391. ^ Stein, Amichai; Kweller, Idan. Hundreds of Kurdish fighters launch ground offensive in Iran. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-05). 
  392. ^ Rojhilat'ta "kara harekatı" iddiası: Kürt güçlerinden yalanlama. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05].  已忽略未知参数|lang=(建议使用|language=) (帮助)
  393. ^ 393.0 393.1 393.2 393.3 Ravid, Barak; Caputo, Marc. Kurds backed by Mossad, CIA could lead next phase of war in Iran. Axios. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. 
  394. ^ Abdul-zahra, Qassim; Martany, Stella; Yahya, Rashid. Kurdish dissident groups say they are preparing to join the fight against Iran with US support. Halifax City News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05]. 
  395. ^ PJAK'tan halka çağrı: Derhal kendi yerel yönetim komitelerinizi kurun. ANF News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05].  已忽略未知参数|lang=(建议使用|language=) (帮助)
  396. ^ Trump backs Kurdish offensive in Iran: ‘I’d be all for it’. www.thehill.com. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  397. ^ Ali, Taz; Fulton, Adam; Ali (now), Taz; Fulton (earlier), Adam. Middle East crisis live: Israel launches fresh strikes on Tehran; Iran claims to have targeted Kurdish groups in Iraq. the Guardian. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  398. ^ Missiles, drones coming from Iran fell on airport in Azerbaijan, source says. Reuters. 2026-03-05. 
  399. ^ Azerbaijan MFA: Iran carried out drone attack on Nakhchivan, two civilians injured. Apa.az. [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  400. ^ Live - Azerbaijan summons Iran ambassador after strike injures two in Nakhchivan. Iran International. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  401. ^ Grove, Thomas. Azerbaijan Promises Response to Iran Drone Attack. The Wall Street Journal. [2026-03-05] (美国英语). 
  402. ^ Iranian drones hit Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Airport, four casualties reported [VIDEO/UPDATED]. Azernews. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  403. ^ President Aliyev: Iranian officials must provide an explanation to the Azerbaijani side, and an apology must be offered. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06). 
  404. ^ Iran Missile Launches Are Down 86%, Centcom Says. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  405. ^ 美軍:美國航母沒事 被擊沉的是伊朗「航母」 | 鉅亨網 - 國際政經. news.cnyes.com. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (中文(台湾)). 
  406. ^ 伊朗稱用無人機擊中林肯號航母 據報美軍調撥資源以長期支援戰事 - RTHK. news.rthk.hk. [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (中文(台湾)). 
  407. ^ (影) 二戰以來首次! 美潛艇擊沉伊無人機航母畫面曝光 已逾20伊艦艇被毀. Yahoo News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06] (中文(台湾)). 
  408. ^ 伊朗又一艘「最先進戰艦」被美國擊沉!外媒曝防空飛彈沒效用:伊朗海軍成了歷史. Yahoo News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (中文(台湾)). 
  409. ^ Sri Lanka Takes Control of Iranian Ship Iris Bushehr and 208 Crew. News First. [2026-03-06] (英语). 
  410. ^ Live - Heavy US and Israeli strikes hit Tehran. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-06] (英语). 
  411. ^ Israeli, US strikes hit IRGC intelligence site in Lorestan. Iran International. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-06] (英语). 
  412. ^ Live - Iran will never surrender unconditionally, Pezeshkian says. Iran International. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
  413. ^ Broad wave of strikes begins in Tehran, Isfahan, IDF says. Iran International. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
  414. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. Israeli Air Force destroys Khamenei’s underground bunker in Tehran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-06. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  415. ^ Operation Epic Fury: Is US Deploying 3rd Carrier, USS George H.W. Bush (CVN‑77), To The Middle East Amid Iran War? Here's All We Know. Free Press Journal. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  416. ^ Shelbourne, Mallory. USS Gerald R. Ford Now in the Red Sea, USS George H.W. Bush Wraps Pre-Deployment Exercises. USNI News. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (美国英语). 
  417. ^ US said expected to deploy 3rd aircraft carrier to the Middle East. Azerbaijani Press Agency. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  418. ^ Drone attack on foreign oil compound in Iraq's Basra sets Halliburton and KBR facilities ablaze. Philenews. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (美国英语). 
  419. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. IDF says it destroyed 16 aircraft used by Revolutionary Guard's Quds Force in Tehran airport strikes. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (美国英语). 
  420. ^ Live updates: Huge explosions rock Tehran airport as Trump demands Iran's 'unconditional surrender'. BBC News. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英国英语). 
  421. ^ Som, Vishnu. Iran's Ballistic Missiles Could Be Under 1,000, Drone Attacks Tapering: Ian Bremmer To NDTV. NDTV. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  422. ^ US, Israeli strikes hit Iranian oil depots for first time since war began. Ynetglobal. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
  423. ^ 'Hit them Bibi': Iranian eyewitness cheers airstrikes in Bushehr. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  424. ^ 霍爾木茲海峽:伊朗「鎖喉」的可能方式及後續影響. BBC News 中文. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-20] (中文(繁体)). 
  425. ^ 伊朗打出封鎖海峽「底牌」,代價幾何? 日經中文網. zh.cn.nikkei.com. [2026-03-20]. 
  426. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  427. ^ Pezeshkian grilled after apologizing for ‘fire at will’ strikes on neighbors. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-07. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  428. ^ Iranian drone attack suspends flights at Dubai International airport. euronews. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
  429. ^ Lidman, Melanie. UAE authorities report minor damage to Dubai tower. AP News. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07] (英语). 
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  431. ^ Abdul-Zahra, Qassim. Iraqi officials report strike on US embassy. AP News. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  432. ^ AFP. IRGC says it attacked US base in Bahrain, claims it was used to strike desalination plant in Iran. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08]. ISSN 0040-7909 (美国英语). 
  433. ^ Trump administration denies reports that Iran captured US soldiers. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  434. ^ https://x.com/modgovae/status/2030625055320035752
  435. ^ UAE intercepts 1,342 UAVs, 221 ballistic missiles, 8 cruise missiles from Iran amid West Asia conflict. The Economic Times. 2026-03-08 (英语). 
  436. ^ US military says Iran uses populated areas to launch drone, missile attacks. www.iranintl.com. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  437. ^ IDF confirms killing supreme leader’s military secretary based on ‘real-time emerging intel’. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  438. ^ Iran chooses new supreme leader, name not revealed. Yahoo News. 2026-03-08 [2026-03-08] (英语). 
  439. ^ At least 32 injured in Bahrain after drone attack - state media. BBC News. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英国英语). 
  440. ^ Live updates: Mojtaba Khamenei has been chosen as Iran's new supreme leader. AP News. [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  441. ^ NATO intercepts second Iranian ballistic missile fired toward Turkey. The Straits Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. ISSN 0585-3923. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  442. ^ NATO Intercepts Iranian Ballistic Missile in Turkish Airspace, Türkiye's Defense Ministry Says. Kurdistan24. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  443. ^ The Revolutionary Guard: We targeted the US military headquarters at Harir base in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. MTV Lebanon. [2026-03-10] (英语). 
  444. ^ 444.0 444.1 With Missiles Carrying 1,000 kg Explosives, A New Tactical Phase For Iran. 2026 [2026-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). 
  445. ^ Israel says it struck IRGC weapons research site in Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10] (英语). 
  446. ^ Corlett, Eva. Middle East crisis live: Regime issues threat against protesters; Iran launches wave of strikes on Gulf as Israel pounds Lebanon. the Guardian. 2026-03-11 [2026-03-11]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  447. ^ Iran deputy intelligence minister killed in strikes on Tehran. Iran International. 2026-03-12 [2026-03-12] (英语). 
  448. ^ Airstrike hits PMF headquarters in Iraq’s Al-Qaim. Shafaq News. [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  449. ^ Israeli drones targeted checkpoints in Tehran - IRGC-affiliated Fars News. Iran International. [2026-03-12] (英语). 
  450. ^ French soldier killed and several wounded in attack in Iraq's Kurdistan region, confirms Macron. Le Monde. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. 
  451. ^ All 6 US crew members killed in Iraq plane crash. CNN. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  452. ^ Accident Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker 62-3556, Thursday 12 March 2026. Aviation Safety Network. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  453. ^ Finnerty, Ryan. US Air Force KC-135 crashes in western Iraq while supporting Iran air war. FlightGlobal. [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13). 
  454. ^ Nato shoots down Iranian missile as explosions heard at Turkish air base. The Independent. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  455. ^ Five Air Force Refueling Planes Hit in Iranian Strike on Saudi Arabia. The Wall Street Journal. [2026-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-16) (美国英语). 
  456. ^ Trump says four Air Force refueling planes are ‘back in service’ after damage from Iranian strike in Saudi Arabia. The Independent. [2026-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (美国英语). 
  457. ^ Chbaro, Asrar. What’s Going on the Lebanon–Syria Border?. Alhurra. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (美国英语). 
  458. ^ Shells Fired From Lebanon Land West of Syrian Capital, Country’s Military Says需要免费注册. The New York Times. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10]. 
  459. ^ Hezbollah shells hit Syrian army positions near Serghaya. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (美国英语). 
  460. ^ Israeli army intercepts Iranian drone over southern Syria: Report. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-10]. 
  461. ^ Urgent Israeli warning for residents of southern suburbs of Beirut: Evacuate immediately. LBCIV7. [2026-03-10] (英语). 
  462. ^ Iran threatens to retaliate against neighbors; Trump urges countries to assist in securing Strait of Hormuz. CNBR. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-16]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  463. ^ US strikes more than 90 Iranian military targets on Kharg Island, CENTCOM says. Reuters. 2026-03-14. 
  464. ^ Trump urges ‘team effort’ from allies to keep oil flowing through Strait of Hormuz. New York Post. [2026-03-14] (英语). 
  465. ^ Any country except for US and Israel can pass through Strait of Hormuz, Iranian Foreign Minister says. Kyiv Post. [2026-03-14] (英语). 
  466. ^ After France, UK denies Trump’s call to join Hormuz naval coalition. WION. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
  467. ^ Germany’s defense minister rebuffs Trump’s Strait of Hormuz request: ‘This is not our war’. The Hill. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
  468. ^ Trump demands others help secure strait of hormuz, Japan and Australia say no plans to send ships. Finance. 2026-03-16 (英语). 
  469. ^ Iranian Lawmaker Says Ukraine ‘Legitimate Target’ Over Alleged Drone Support For Israel. Kyiv Post. [2026-03-14] (英语). 
  470. ^ Heavy pre-dawn airstrikes reported across Isfahan. Iran International英语Iran International. 2026-03-15 [2026-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-15) (英语). 
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  473. ^ Video shows heavy explosions across southern Tehran. Iran International英语Iran International. 2026-03-15 [2026-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-15) (英语). 
  474. ^ Heavy smoke rises over Dezful air base after explosions. Iran International英语Iran International. 2026-03-15 [2026-03-15] (英语). 
  475. ^ Video shows heavy damage at Jask port in southeastern Iran after US strikes. Iran International英语Iran International. 2026-03-15 [2026-03-15] (英语). 
  476. ^ Checkpoints expand as citizens report drones and strikes in several cities. Iran International英语Iran International. 2026-03-15 [2026-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-15) (英语). 
  477. ^ Lorenzo Tondo. Israel strikes Iran’s South Pars gasfield hours after forces kill intelligence minister. The Guardian. 18 March 2026. 
  478. ^ Spencer Kimball. Iran missile attack on Qatar causes ‘extensive damage’ to facility housing huge gas plant. CNBC. 18 March 2026. 
  479. ^ Joint statement from the leaders of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Japan on the Strait of Hormuz: 19 March 2026. GOV UK. 19 March 2026. 
  480. ^ US F-35 damaged by suspected Iranian fire makes emergency landing, sources say. CNN. 
  481. ^ سپاه: جنگنده F35 ارتش آمریکا در آسمان مرکزی ایران مورد اصابت قرار گرفت. IRNA. 
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  484. ^ Israel says it killed two senior intelligence officials in Tehran strikes. Iran International. [2026-03-15] (英语). 
  485. ^ Israel says killed two top Iran intelligence officers in Tehran. The Straits Times. [2026-03-15] (英语). 
  486. ^ Security commander of Iraq's Kataeb Hezbollah said killed in airstrike. The Times of Israel. 16 March 2026 [17 March 2026]. 
  487. ^ Iran confirms security chief Larijani, Basij commander Soleimani killed. Al Jazeera. 17 March 2026 [17 March 2026]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2026). 
  488. ^ Reals, Tucker; Tyab, Imtiaz. Iran's top security official, Ali Larijani, was killed in an airstrike. Here's why his death is so significant.. CBS News. 17 March 2026 [17 March 2026]. (原始内容存档于17 March 2026). 
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  490. ^ Breaking – Iran’s security apparatus collapses: Azim Esmaili killed, reports of Radan’s assassination. Voice of Emirates. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21]. 
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  495. ^ 世界新闻网. 兩棲攻擊艦拳師號領軍 美增派2500陸戰隊員赴中東. 世界新闻网. [2026-03-20] (中文(台湾)). 
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  497. ^ Iran says US and Israel attacked Natanz nuclear facility. Al Jazeera. 21 March 2026 [21 March 2026] (英语). 
  498. ^ Update from Eric Schmitt. The New York Times. 21 March 2026 [21 March 2026]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  499. ^ Foreign secretary denounces 'reckless Iran threats' after missiles fired at Diego Garcia. BBC News. 2026-03-22. 
  500. ^ Iran Targeted Diego Garcia Base With Ballistic Missiles. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-21. 
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  503. ^ Iranian strike on Dimona likely targeted Israeli nuclear facility. BBC News. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21] (英国英语). 
  504. ^ Iran targets Dimona nuclear facility as response to strike on Natanz. İlke Haber Ajansı. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21] (英语). 
  505. ^ Iran strikes towns near Israel’s nuclear site, wounds over. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  506. ^ IDF strikes regime in Tehran after Zamir approves new wave of strikes in 'all theaters of war'. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  507. ^ All seven on board Qatar military helicopter killed in crash. Al jazeera. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
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  510. ^ Trump threatens to ‘obliterate’ Iran’s power plants if Strait of Hormuz not opened in 48 hours. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-21 [2026-03-21] (英语). 
  511. ^ Iran says it will strike US, Israeli energy sites if infrastructure is attacked. FOX News. 2026-03-21 (英语). 
  512. ^ IDF strikes several targets in Tehran, including intelligence headquarters. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-22 (英语). 
  513. ^ One killed in North, 15 wounded in Tel Aviv area in Iranian, Hezbollah barrage. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-22 (英语). 
  514. ^ Stock markets swing and oil prices fall after Trump postpones strikes on Iran power plants. The Guardian. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  515. ^ Trump claims ‘productive’ talks with Iran but Tehran denies contact. The Guardian. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  516. ^ ‘Unprecedented’: Israel, US carry out extensive strikes across Iran. AI Jazeera. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  517. ^ Trump says he's postponing power plant strikes after US-Iran talks - but Tehran denies talks took place. BBC News. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  518. ^ CNBC says Trump sees Iran talks as ‘regime change’. Iran International. 2026-03-23 (英语). 
  519. ^ Lebanon withdraws accreditation of Iran's ambassador and orders him to leave country. ABC News. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  520. ^ Israel and Iran continue to strike each other after US says plans for talks with Tehran remain 'fluid'. BBC News. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  521. ^ 4 people lightly hurt, buildings mangled as Iranian missile attack hits Tel Aviv. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
  522. ^ Iran media says energy infrastructure attacked. The Jordan Times. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 
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  524. ^ Israel Begins Attacks on Iran, Explosions Reported in Tehran Amid Preemptive Strike Declaration. Kurdistan24. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
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  526. ^ US and Israel launch attack on Iran, as Trump says 'major combat operations' under way - follow live. BBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英国英语). 
  527. ^ Confirmed: Network data show #Iran is now in the midst of a near-total internet blackout with national connectivity at 4% of ordinary levels. Mastodon (NetBlocks). [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  528. ^ نت‌بلاکس از خاموشی اینترنت در ایران خبر داد. Iran International. [2026-02-28] (波斯语). 
  529. ^ Iran’s skies empty after strikes as regional states close airspace. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  530. ^ تیراندازی و جولان سرکوبگران در سبزوار؛ شادی مردم پس از انتشار خبر مرگ علی خامنه‌ای. ایندیپندنت فارسی. [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  531. ^ 美以袭击致近千人伤亡 伊朗宣布关闭霍尔木兹海峡. 新华网. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. 
  532. ^ 日本放送协会. 「ホルムズ海峡は“事実上”閉鎖された」イランメディアが報道. NHKニュース. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (日语). 
  533. ^ 美以袭击伊朗刺激国际油价大幅上涨. 新华网. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02). 
  534. ^ 国际能源署成员国同意释放4亿桶石油储备. 日经中文网. 2026-03-11 [2026-03-12]. 
  535. ^ 谢奕秋. 杀红眼,帆船酒店也被炸,还捅了全球经济大动脉. 南风窗. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) –通过凤凰网 (中文). 
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  537. ^ 伊朗遭攻击致航班被取消,新的旅游警告发布. BBC News 中文. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (中文(简体)). 
  538. ^ 伊朗局势扰乱全球航班. 新华网. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02). 
  539. ^ 大量旅客滞留机场,原油运输遭遇重创,美伊战事波及周边多国. 伊朗_新浪财经_新浪网. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02] (中文). 
  540. ^ Gulf carriers resume limited flights, but missile fire fuels uncertainty. The Straits Times. 2026-03-06. ISSN 0585-3923. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 
  541. ^ UAE halts stock markets for two days after Iran strikes. Reuters. 2026-03-01 (英语). 
  542. ^ 快訊/道瓊崩跌破千點!美股血流成河 台積電ADR狂瀉5%. ETtoday新闻云. [2026-03-04]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (中文(台湾)). 
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  545. ^ Evidence suggests the deadly blast at an Iranian school was likely a US airstrike. AP News. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
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  555. ^ Nine Killed in Pro-Iran Protests at US Consulate in Pakistan. Bloomberg. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01] (英语). 
  556. ^ 12 killed in Karachi: US Marine guards fire on pro-Khamenei mob outside American Consulate. Business Today. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01). 
  557. ^ 林韦慈. 快新聞/哈米尼遭擊斃!巴格達爆反美示威 美大使館外催淚瓦斯瀰漫. 民视. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. 
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  559. ^ Victims identified in Austin mass shooting that officials say may have been motivated by Iran strikes. CNN. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  560. ^ ROTC students at Old Dominion University subdued and killed shooter who left 1 dead, 2 hurt. Associated Press. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
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  562. ^ Politics Trump hints U.S. will turn to Cuba after Iran: ‘Just a question of time’. CNBC. [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (英语). 
  563. ^ de Córdoba, José. 美国正积极寻求在年底前实现古巴政权更迭. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-01-22 [2026-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2026-01-31). 
  564. ^ 564.0 564.1 Cuba's President Miguel Díaz-Canel confirms talks with the U.S.. NBC News. [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  565. ^ Summers, Charlie. Two Turkish CNN journalists arrested while broadcasting live outside IDF headquarters. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-07]. ISSN 0040-7909. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08) (美国英语). 
  566. ^ Qatar says it dismantled two cells linked to Iran’s IRGC. www.aa.com.tr. 2026-03-04 (英语). 
  567. ^ Qatar State Security announces the arrest of two cells affiliated with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. The Peninsula. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 
  568. ^ Cuadrado, Patrick Sung; Macfarlane, Christina. Iranian women’s soccer team forced to sing national anthem ahead of Asian Cup match, sources tell CNN. CNN. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  569. ^ Five Iranian women’s soccer players safe with police after fleeing team as supporters plead for action in Australia. The New York Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  570. ^ Australia Urged to Protect Members of the Iranian Women’s Soccer Team. The New York Times. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09] (英语). 
  571. ^ 571.0 571.1 Trump Offers Asylum to Iranian Women’s Soccer Team. Newsweek. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (英语). 
  572. ^ Israel urges Australia to grant asylum to Iranian soccer players after anthem protest. The Jerusalem Post. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (英语). 
  573. ^ Iran may be activating sleeper cells outside the country, alert says. ABC News. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  574. ^ 怕球員有危險!伊朗宣布抵制「美加墨世界盃」 2國有機會遞補. 
  575. ^ WEC 2026 Calendar: discover the complete agenda for the 8 rounds of Endurance.AutoHebdoF1.2026-03-14.[2026-03-15].
  576. ^ Qatar 1812km postponed, season to start at Imola页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).WEC.2026-03-03.[2026-03-15].
  577. ^ Bahrain and Saudi Arabian Grands Prix will not take place in April页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).Formula 1.2026-03-15.[2026-03-15].
  578. ^ F1 cancels Bahrain & Saudi Arabia Grands Prix页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).BBC F1.2026-03-15.[2026-03-16].
  579. ^ Iran decries attacks, vows response as it appeals to Security Council. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  580. ^ Marsi, Edna Mohamed,Federica. US AND ISRAEL ATTACK IRAN; TEHRAN FIRES BACK, EXPLOSIONS ACROSS REGION. Al Jazeera. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  581. ^ Khalil, Hafsa; Gritten, David. What we know about the joint US-Israel attack on Iran. BBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英国英语). 
  582. ^ Iran live updates: Trump offers immunity or 'guaranteed death' to Iranian forces. ABC News. [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  583. ^ Iran's future will be determined by Iranians, not Trump, officials say. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). Iranian officials have rejected Donald Trump's push to be involved in the selection of the country's next leader, insisting that only Iranians can decide the future of their country. 
  584. ^ Iran President Pezeshkian apologises to neighbours for attacks, tells Trump to take 'Tehran surrender dream to grave. The Indian Express. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. 
  585. ^ Iran President Pezeshkian apologises to neighbours for attacks, tells Trump to take 'Tehran surrender dream to grave. The Indian Express. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-08). 
  586. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  587. ^ Iran to halt strikes on neighbours unless attacks from there: Pezeshkian. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  588. ^ Iran's president apologizes for strikes on neighbors even as missiles and drones target their cities. Associated Press. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12). The message, seemingly filmed in a hurry, underlined the limited powers exercised by the theocracy's leaders over the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard. It answered only to Khamenei and now appears to be picking its own targets. 
  589. ^ Kwong, Emily. How some Iranians reacted to attacks on their country. NPR. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  590. ^ Madadi, Afshin. Iranians cheer US strikes in street. The Daily Telegraph. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  591. ^ مردم فریاد «مرگ بر خامنه‌ای» سر دادند. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (波斯语). 
  592. ^ Boxerman, Aaron; Pager, Tyler; Fassihi, Farnaz; Bergman, Ronen. Iran Live Updates: Trump Calls for Overthrow of Tehran's Government After Strikes. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  593. ^ Gas Lines, Protests, And Heavy Traffic In Tehran After US And Israeli Strikes. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  594. ^ Photos: Anti-US protest in Tehran. Al Jazeera. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  595. ^ Streets empty and shops close as US strikes confirm Iranian fears. France24. [2026-02-28]. 
  596. ^ Sinaiee, Maryam. Iranians react with joy and disbelief to Khamenei's death. Iran International. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  597. ^ حضور نیروهای یگان ویژه در جنت‌آباد تهران [The presence of special forces in Jannat Abad, Tehran]. Iran International. 2026-02-28. 
  598. ^ تیراندازی و جولان سرکوبگران در سبزوار؛ شادی مردم پس از انتشار خبر مرگ علی خامنه‌ای. Independent Persian. [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (波斯语). 
  599. ^ Security forces shoot at people chanting behind windows. Iran International. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09). 
  600. ^ Sayah, Reza. Witnesses Describe Horror Scene After "Double-Tap" Bombing Kills Over 20 at Popular Tehran Square. Drop Site News. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07) (英语). 'The worst thing that can happen in your life is this. You're sitting here in peace, relaxing for an hour, and something like this destroys your whole life,' said Shahin, who survived the attack on Cafe Ahla. 'You tried to hit the police and you killed average people. If this is how you want to kill, then kill us all. Every night we are seeing killings. We can't sleep at night because we're worried something will happen to our kids.' 
  601. ^ Aslan, Mahmoud. "Small Children Who Knew Nothing of Politics or Wars". Drop Site News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 'I cannot understand how a place where innocent children learn can be bombed like this,' Shariatmadar told Drop Site. 'We are talking about small children who knew nothing of politics or wars. And yet they are the ones paying the highest price.' 
  602. ^ Aslan, Mahmoud. After a Sports Hall in Iran Was Bombed, Witnesses Describe Chaos and "Continuous Screaming". Drop Site News. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 'When I got close to the place where they were bringing out the victims, I felt a heaviness in my chest. Every body that was lifted carried the mark of pain, and the rescue effort was trying to distinguish between those who could still be saved and those whose lives had ended,' he said. 'There were voices from every direction, everyone was trying to understand what had happened. In that moment, everything inside me was silent, and I was waiting for them to tell me about my daughter Elahe.' Elahe's body was eventually brought out. 'My daughter's body was completely destroyed. It appears she was directly hit by the strike. The lower part of her body was completely destroyed,' Za'eri said. 'How can a father describe what he feels when he sees his child like this? All my memories of her, her laugh, her training, her dreams, collapsed before my eyes in a single moment.' 
  603. ^ Petz, Sarah. Rallies calling for a regime change in Iran are being held around the world. CBC News. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. 
  604. ^ Iranians at The Hague celebrate US, Israeli air strikes. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  605. ^ 'War is no good, but I'm happy': Iranian diaspora jubilant as regime attacked, see difficult days ahead. The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-01]. ISSN 0040-7909 (美国英语). 
  606. ^ Inside an exiled prince's plan for regime change in Iran. Politico. 2026-01-13 [2026-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-13) (英国英语). 
  607. ^ Rise Iran!. Iran Prosperity Project: Economic Vision for Free Iran. Iran Prosperity Project. [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-01) (英语). 
  608. ^ Kurdish Iranian dissidents in Iraq deny attack plans but say they would join a US invasion of Iran. Associated Press. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  609. ^ Iranian Kurd leader in Iraq says ground operation into Iran 'highly likely'. Al Jazeera. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09). 
  610. ^ Pager, Tyler. Update from Tyler Pager. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  611. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Britzky, Haley; Yosef, Eugenia; Shalev, Tal; Liebermann, Oren. Trump says military campaign is "massive and ongoing". CNN. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  612. ^ Ebrahim, Nadeen; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Britzky, Haley; Yosef, Eugenia; Shalev, Tal; Liebermann, Oren. Trump confirms in video message that military campaign in Iran has begun. CNN. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28] (英语). 
  613. ^ 613.0 613.1 Live – Israel and US launch strikes on Iran as Tehran prepares retaliation. Iran International. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-28) (英语). 
  614. ^ Woodward, Alex. Trump won't rule out boots on the ground in Iran. Middle East experts say he's 'grasping at straws'. the Independent. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). Trump's mission to target both Iran's missile program and Iran proxies in Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Syria and elsewhere would necessarily require troops on the ground, experts say. 
  615. ^ Detsch, Jack; Gould, Joe; Stokols, Eli; Sakellariadis, John. Pentagon offers no evidence to support claim it attacked Iran in defense. Politico. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03). 
  616. ^ As Iran retaliates, largest US military base in Middle East hit by ballistic missile, Qatar says. ABC News. [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14) (英语). 
  617. ^ Trump has privately shown serious interest in U.S. ground troops in Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-14). 
  618. ^ Vera Bergengruen; Alex Leary. Trump Is Rewriting the Iran Endgame in Real Time. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-07 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10) (美国英语). 
  619. ^ 中央通讯社. 美日峰會川普引珍珠港事件開玩笑 高市早苗滿臉尷尬[影] | 國際. 中央社 CNA. 2026-03-20 [2026-03-21] (中文(台湾)). 
  620. ^ 620.0 620.1 Guskin, Emily; Schreier, Elizabeth. Most Americans do not support latest Iran strikes, 3 polls find. ABC News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  621. ^ Fulton, Adam; Dunbar, Marina; Richards, Serena; Lowe, Yohannes; Vernon, Hayden; Ratcliffe, Rebecca. Trump warns there could be more casualties after service members killed – as it happened. the Guardian. 2026-03-02. 
  622. ^ Poll: Majority of voters disapprove of how Trump has handled Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  623. ^ 623.0 623.1 Reals, Tucker; Baldwin, Sarah Lynch. Live Updates: Trump defends war with Iran as conflict widens, military names first service members who were killed. CBS News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-10). 
  624. ^ Manchester, Julia. Trump: 'I don't care about polling' showing Iran strikes unpopular. The Hill. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-02) (英语). 
  625. ^ Lee, Chantelle; Jeyaretnam, Miranda. Most Americans Disapprove of War With Iran, Polls Show. TIME. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (英语). 
  626. ^ Braun, Sara. US troops were told war on Iran was 'all part of God's divine plan', watchdog alleges. The Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. 
  627. ^ 6 U.S. service members killed since start of war. NBC News. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英语). 
  628. ^ Mascaro, Lisa. Members of Congress demand swift vote on war powers resolution after Trump orders Iran strike without congressional approval. PBS News. Associated Press. 2026-02-28 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (美国英语). 
  629. ^ Schermele, Zachary. Senate fails to block US involvement in Iran war. USA TODAY. 
  630. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene; Fassihi, Farnaz; Boxerman, Aaron; Jakes, Lara. Iran Live Updates: U.S. Says Strikes Are Accelerating, GOP in Senate Blocks Trump War Powers Limits. The New York Times. 2026-03-04. 
  631. ^ 631.0 631.1 Lillis, Mike. House Republicans sink effort to rein in Trump's attacks on Iran. The Hill. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11). 
  632. ^ Trump's critics say attacking Iran 'won't make the Epstein files go away'. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04). 
  633. ^ Wong, Scott; Thorp, Frank. Senate blocks resolution that would have restricted Trump's war in Iran. NBC News. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (英语). 
  634. ^ 成依华. 伊朗戰爭|美國國家反恐中心主任宣告辭職:無法昧着良心支持. 香港01. 17 March 2026. 
  635. ^ Trump reposts Joe Kent’s 2020 tweet arguing in favor of military action in Iran. 18 March 2026. 
  636. ^ US intel chief Gabbard says Iran was not rebuilding enrichment prior to war. Al Jazeera. 18 March 2026. 
  637. ^ Estrin, Daniel. U.S. and Israel strike Iran in operation 'Epic Fury.' Trump calls for regime overthrow. NPR. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). 
  638. ^ Update from Johnatan Reiss. The New York Times. 2026-02-28 [2026-02-28]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  639. ^ Likud Minister Says Israeli Elections to Be Moved Up to July for Netanyahu Bloc to Capitalize on Iran War. Haaretz. 2026-03-03. One Likud source said that the PM would want to go to elections right after the military campaign in order to leverage the Iran war. Meanwhile, the opposition Democrats party appealed to the Knesset speaker to suspend committee discussions related to the coalition's contentious judicial overhaul plans until the war is over. Likud minister Gila Gamliel said on Tuesday that national elections will likely be brought forward to late June or July. 
  640. ^ Israel's Initial Plan Was To Strike Iran Months Later, Defence Minister Reveals. NDTV. 2026-03-04. 
  641. ^ Israel decided to kill khamenei in November, defence minister says. Global Banking & Finance Review. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05]. 
  642. ^ Levaton, Stav. Poll: Most Jewish Israelis support Iran war, toppling regime; Arab backing far lower. The Times of Israel. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07). 
  643. ^ Von der Leyen llama abiertamente a una 'transición creíble' de poder en Irán. Europa Press. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-07). 
  644. ^ Zsiros, Sandor; Aktan, Sertaç. Live. Von der Leyen backs regime change in Iran, signaling policy shift at the European Commission. Euro News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06). 
  645. ^ Iran strikes Qatar and Saudi energy sites as US jets shot down by Kuwaiti 'friendly fire'. BBC News. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-06) (英国英语). 
  646. ^ NATO's Rutte says Iran must no longer pose threat. Iran International. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-05] (英语). 
  647. ^ 上合组织:严重关切伊朗冲突 使用武力不可接受. 联合早报. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03). 
  648. ^ 上合组织对中东地区事态发展表示严重关切 称支持各方保持克制. 2026-03-03. 
  649. ^ 美以联合袭击伊朗后,各国有何反应?. dw.com. [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (中文). 
  650. ^ 各国政府对伊朗袭击中东地区各地做出回应. 美国之音. 2026-03-04 [2026-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-03) (中文). 
  651. ^ 分析:俄羅斯試圖從伊朗戰爭中尋求外交和經濟利益. BBC News 中文. 2026-03-11 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-12) (中文(繁体)). 
  652. ^ 美防長警告俄羅斯不得介入美伊衝突. RFI - 法国国际广播电台. 2026-03-10 [2026-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-11) (中文(繁体)). 
  653. ^ Trump and Netanyahu have unleashed 'Operation Epic Fury.' For the sake of humanity, we must stop them.. Progressive International. [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-04) (英语). Imperialist war does not liberate peoples — it subjugates them. The evidence is found in the ruins of Gaza, Baghdad, and Tripoli, where bombs leveled cities and "democracy promotion" left ashes in its wake. Marco Rubio made it clear in Munich: the US does not wage war for freedom, but for recolonisation — whether in West Asia, or across the Western Hemisphere. 
  654. ^ USA, Tudeh Party of Iran, Communist Party of Israel, Communist Party. Joint Statement of the Communist Parties of Iran (TUDEH), Israel (CPI) and the U.S. (CPUSA). Communist Party USA. 2026-03-06 [2026-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-13) (美国英语). We also affirm that this U.S.-Israeli imperialist military aggression not only does not herald Iran's liberation from the yoke of tyranny and the current dictatorship, but is also an attempt to destroy Iran as a capable regional state, and to replace the current government with a subordinate and authoritarian regime that has previously announced its program to bloodily suppress its opponents. 
  655. ^ Blackburn, Gavin. UN Security Council demands Iran halt attacks on Gulf states. Euronews. 2026-03-11. 
  656. ^ UN Security Council Condemns Iran's Actions in Gulf Region. binance.com. [2026-03-11]. 
  657. ^ Bagchi, Aysha. 'Might makes right'? Why experts have fears for rule of law. USA TODAY. [2026-03-17] (美国英语). 
  658. ^ Barrow, Bill. Congress hasn't officially declared war since WWII. Here's how presidential war powers have played out since then. PBS News. Associated Press. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-18] (美国英语). 
  659. ^ 659.0 659.1 659.2 Were the Israeli-US strikes on Iran legal under international law? These experts say no. SBS News. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2026-03-09) (英语). 
  660. ^ 660.0 660.1 What is the legality of the US and Israeli attacks on Iran?. The Guardian. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-09]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  661. ^ Cáceres, Juan Zahir Naranjo; Brincat, Shannon. Neither preemptive nor legal, US-Israeli strikes on Iran have blown up international law. The Conversation. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). 
  662. ^ Red Flag Alert: Israel-U.S. War of Aggression against Iran. Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention and Human Security. 2026-03-12. 
  663. ^ What You Need to Know about The U.S. War on Iran. American Friends Service Committee. 2026-03-09. 
  664. ^ UN Experts Denounce Aggression on Iran and Lebanon, Warn of Devastating Regional Escalation. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2026-03-12. 
  665. ^ The International Military Tribunal for Germany, Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals: The Nazi Regime in Germany, The Avalon Project, Yale University, 1946 
  666. ^ Broomhall, Bruce. International justice and the International Criminal Court 2nd. Oxford University Press. 2003: 46. ISBN 978-0-19-925600-6. 
  667. ^ Neither preemptive nor legal, US‑Israeli strikes on Iran have blown up international law. Law Society Journal. 2026-03-02 [2026-03-09] (澳大利亚英语). 
  668. ^ Tait, Robert. Trump's current war on Iran picks up where a longstanding enmity left off. The Guardian. 2026-03-01 [2026-03-16]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). 
  669. ^ Martin, Peter; Martin, Eric. Trump's Iran Strikes Usher in an Era of Unrestrained American Power. Bloomberg. 2026-03-01. 'Trump is clearly an imperialist president. He's clearly someone who is infatuated with his own power in terms of being able to deploy our military,' New Jersey Democratic Senator Andy Kim said 
  670. ^ Mission accomplished? The 2003 boast that haunts today's Iran conflict. BBC News. 2026-03-13 [2026-03-16] (英国英语). 
  671. ^ Jaffe, Greg; era, Elizabeth DiasGreg Jaffe writes about the expansion of the U. S. military under President Trump Elizabeth Dias reports on the rise of a new Christian right in the Trump. Hegseth Invokes Divine Purpose to Justify Military Might. The New York Times. 2026-03-20 [2026-03-20]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  672. ^ Shamim, Sarah. Why are the US and Israel framing the ongoing conflict as a religious war?. Al Jazeera English. [2026-03-20] (英语). 
  673. ^ Ramirez, Marc. Faith and the Middle East: How religion could fuel a wider war. USA TODAY. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-20] (美国英语). 
  674. ^ Iran conflict and China: How it is unsettling Beijing and its ambitions. BBC News. 2026-03-05 [2026-03-18] (英国英语). 
  675. ^ Great Power Spillover from the Iran War: Implications for China, Russia, Turkey, and Europe. The Washington Institute. [2026-03-18] (英语). 
  676. ^ Abu-Manneh, Bashir; Achcar, Gilbert. Middle East Wars Are Still About Oil and Empire. Jacobin. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). One could say that the United States has shifted under Trump, in his second term, to a modernized version of the nineteenth-century 'gunboat diplomacy', when major powers forced their will over weaker states by threatening to bomb them, or by actually bombing them if recalcitrant. There was then no concern about the nature of governments — only the naked will to crudely impose imperialist interests on weaker countries. 
  677. ^ Hamourtziadou, Lily; Gokay, Bulent. The Geopolitical Implications of the Iran War. E-International Relations. 2026-03-09 [2026-03-10] (美国英语). The current US diplomacy with Iran can be characterised as an extension of an imperial modus operandi, reflecting a pattern in which agreements serve as leverage points, contingent upon full compliance and discarded when paramount interests necessitate escalation. Critics contend that the approach adopted by the Trump administration, integrating military operations with a binary choice between capitulation and conflict, exemplifies historical imperial patterns of dominance. 
  678. ^ Shah, Saeed. 'Imperialist undertones': global south condemns US-Israeli war with Iran. The Guardian. 2026-03-03 [2026-03-10]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语). Siphamandla Zondi, professor of politics at the University of Johannesburg, said that in the west, wars were viewed as having moral purpose, while in the global south, conflict was seen as evil and a failure to behave as adults. He said that the US and Israel had cajoled some countries through the Abraham Accords for diplomatic recognition of Israel, and used force against others. 'This is a war of domination and subordination, therefore it has imperialist undertones and motives,' said Zondi. 'It makes the world unsafe for all of us.' 
  679. ^ Lieber, Dov; Faucon, Benoit; Raice, Shayndi. Exclusive | Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One. The Wall Street Journal. 2026-03-18 [2026-03-19] (美国英语). 
  680. ^ Persian Gulf states weighing deeper role in war against Iran - WSJ. Iran International. 2026-03-24 [2026-03-24] (英语). 

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